. 2023 Jan 27;37(13):2744–2752. doi: 10.1038/s41433-023-02408-z

Table 2.

Effect of miosis and LPI on ocular biological parameters and IOP.

Biological Parameters	Baseline [T₀]	Post-pilocarpine [T₁]	Post-LPI [T₂]	P₁ value	P₂ value	P₃ value	P₄ value
IOP (mmHg)^a	15.7 ± 3.45 [14.7, 16.7]	16.0 (11.4, 30.0)	16.3 (7.9, 30.0)	N/A	N/A	N/A	16.3 ± 3.26 [15.3, 17.2]	15.8 (8.9, 30.0)	16.0 (7.9, 30.0)	0.279	N/A	0.307	0.059
PD (mm)	3.7 ± 0.65 [3.5, 3.9]	3.7 ± 0.69 [3.5, 3.9]	3.7 ± 0.67 [3.6, 3.8]	1.7 ± 0.24 [1.6, 1.8]	1.9 ± 0.30 [1.8, 1.9]	1.8 ± 0.28 [1.7, 1.8]**	3.8 ± 0.58 [3.6, 3.9]	3.9 ± 0.70 [3.7, 4.1]	3.8 ± 0.64 [3.7, 4.0]	<0.001	0.725	<0.001	<0.001
ACD (mm)	2.46 ± 0.240 [2.39, 2.53]	2.32 ± 0.216 [2.26, 2.38]^##	2.39 ± 0.238 [2.34, 2.44]	2.39 ± 0.231 [2.33, 2.46]**	2.26 ± 0.216 [2.20, 2.33]^##,**	2.33 ± 0.232 [2.28, 2.37]**	2.47 ± 0.245 [2.41, 2.54]**^,ф	2.33 ± 0.213 [2.26, 2.39]^##,ф	2.40 ± 0.241 [2.35, 0.45]**	<0.001	0.086	<0.001	<0.001
LT (mm)	4.85 ± 0.313 [4.76, 4.94]	4.96 ± 0.364 [4.85, 5.06]	4.90 ± 0.342 [4.84, 4.97]	4.88 ± 0.312 [4.80, 4.97]**	5.00 ± 0.363 [4.88, 5.09]**	4.94 ± 0.341 [4.87, 5.00]**	4.84 ± 0.313 [4.75, 4.93]**^,ф	4.96 ± 0.369 [4.85, 5.06]^ф	4.90 ± 0.345 [4.83, 4.97]	<0.001	0.075	<0.001	<0.001
CCT (μm)	540 ± 25.8 [532, 547]	545 ± 29.6 [536, 553]	542 ± 27.7 [537, 548]	543 ± 24.60 [536, 550]**	547 ± 30.25 [538, 556]	545 ± 27.5 [539, 550]*	539 ± 24.5 [532, 546]^ф	542 ± 30.5 [533, 551]^ф	541 ± 27.5 [535, 546]	<0.001	0.353	0.002	0.005
WTW (mm)	11.6 ± 0.38 [11.5, 11.7]	11.5 ± 0.43 [11.4, 11.7]	11.6 ± 0.40 [11.5, 11.6]	11.5 ± 0.35 [11.4, 11.6]**	11.5 ± 0.37 [11.4, 11.6]	11.5 ± 0.36 [11.4, 11.5]**	11.6 ± 0.41 [11.5, 11.7]^ф	11.5 ± 0.41 [11.4, 11.6]	11.5 ± 0.41 [11.4, 11.6]	<0.001	0.265	0.001	0.052
Mean K (D)	44.65 ± 1.691 [44.16, 45.13]	44.42 ± 1.609 [43.95, 44.88]	44.53 ± 1.646 [44.20, 44.86]	44.65 ± 1.683 [44.17, 45.13]	44.37 ± 1.611 [43.91, 44.84]	44.51 ± 1.645 [44.18, 44.84]	44.68 ± 1.700 [44.20, 45.17]	44.41 ± 1.658 [43.93, 44.89]	44.54 ± 1.677 [44.21, 44.88]	0.278	0.264	0.402	0.105
AL (mm)	22.32 ± 0.786 [22.10, 22.54]	22.42 ± 0.821 [22.18, 22.65]	22.37 ± 0.801 [22.21, 22.53]	22.33 ± 0.783 [22.10, 22.55]	22.42 ± 0.818 [22.18, 22.65]	22.37 ± 0.798 [22.21, 22.53]	22.32 ± 0.786 [22.10, 22.55]	22.40 ± 0.829 [22.16, 22.64]*^,#,ф	22.36 ± 0.804 [22.20, 22.52]*	0.002	0.004	0.097	0.001
LT/AL ratio	0.22 ± 0.016 [0.21, 0.22]	0.22 ± 0.018 [0.22, 0.23]	0.22 ± 0.017 [0.22, 0.22]	0.22 ± 0.016 [0.21, 0.22]**	0.22 ± 0.018 [0.22, 0.23]**	0.22 ± 0.017 [0.22, 0.22]**	0.22 ± 0.016 [0.21, 0.22]*	0.22 ± 0.019 [0.22, 0.23]	0.22 ± 0.017 [0.22, 0.22]	<0.001	0.011	<0.001	<0.001

Biological Parameters

Baseline [T₀]

Post-pilocarpine [T₁]

Post-LPI [T₂]

P₁ value

P₂ value

P₃ value

P₄ value

PACS

PAC/PACG

Total

PACS

PAC/PACG

Total

PACS

PAC/PACG

Total

IOP (mmHg)^a

15.7 ± 3.45

[14.7, 16.7]

16.0

(11.4, 30.0)

16.3

(7.9, 30.0)

N/A

16.3 ± 3.26

[15.3, 17.2]

15.8

(8.9, 30.0)

16.0

(7.9, 30.0)

0.279

N/A

0.307

0.059

PD (mm)

3.7 ± 0.65

[3.5, 3.9]

3.7 ± 0.69

[3.5, 3.9]

3.7 ± 0.67

[3.6, 3.8]

1.7 ± 0.24

[1.6, 1.8]

1.9 ± 0.30

[1.8, 1.9]

1.8 ± 0.28

[1.7, 1.8]**

3.8 ± 0.58

[3.6, 3.9]

3.9 ± 0.70

[3.7, 4.1]

3.8 ± 0.64

[3.7, 4.0]

<0.001

0.725

<0.001

ACD (mm)

2.46 ± 0.240

[2.39, 2.53]

2.32 ± 0.216

[2.26, 2.38]^##

2.39 ± 0.238

[2.34, 2.44]

2.39 ± 0.231

[2.33, 2.46]**

2.26 ± 0.216 [2.20, 2.33]^##,**

2.33 ± 0.232 [2.28, 2.37]**

2.47 ± 0.245

[2.41, 2.54]**^,ф

2.33 ± 0.213

[2.26, 2.39]^##,ф

2.40 ± 0.241

[2.35, 0.45]**

<0.001

0.086

<0.001

LT (mm)

4.85 ± 0.313

[4.76, 4.94]

4.96 ± 0.364

[4.85, 5.06]

4.90 ± 0.342

[4.84, 4.97]

4.88 ± 0.312

[4.80, 4.97]**

5.00 ± 0.363 [4.88, 5.09]**

4.94 ± 0.341 [4.87, 5.00]**

4.84 ± 0.313

[4.75, 4.93]**^,ф

4.96 ± 0.369

[4.85, 5.06]^ф

4.90 ± 0.345

[4.83, 4.97]

<0.001

0.075

<0.001

CCT (μm)

540 ± 25.8

[532, 547]

545 ± 29.6

[536, 553]

542 ± 27.7

[537, 548]

543 ± 24.60

[536, 550]**

547 ± 30.25

[538, 556]

545 ± 27.5

[539, 550]*

539 ± 24.5

[532, 546]^ф

542 ± 30.5

[533, 551]^ф

541 ± 27.5

[535, 546]

<0.001

0.353

0.002

0.005

WTW (mm)

11.6 ± 0.38

[11.5, 11.7]

11.5 ± 0.43

[11.4, 11.7]

11.6 ± 0.40

[11.5, 11.6]

11.5 ± 0.35

[11.4, 11.6]**

11.5 ± 0.37

[11.4, 11.6]

11.5 ± 0.36

[11.4, 11.5]**

11.6 ± 0.41

[11.5, 11.7]^ф

11.5 ± 0.41

[11.4, 11.6]

11.5 ± 0.41

[11.4, 11.6]

<0.001

0.265

0.001

0.052

Mean K (D)

44.65 ± 1.691

[44.16, 45.13]

44.42 ± 1.609

[43.95, 44.88]

44.53 ± 1.646

[44.20, 44.86]

44.65 ± 1.683

[44.17, 45.13]

44.37 ± 1.611 [43.91, 44.84]

44.51 ± 1.645

[44.18, 44.84]

44.68 ± 1.700 [44.20, 45.17]

44.41 ± 1.658

[43.93, 44.89]

44.54 ± 1.677

[44.21, 44.88]

0.278

0.264

0.402

0.105

AL (mm)

22.32 ± 0.786

[22.10, 22.54]

22.42 ± 0.821

[22.18, 22.65]

22.37 ± 0.801

[22.21, 22.53]

22.33 ± 0.783

[22.10, 22.55]

22.42 ± 0.818

[22.18, 22.65]

22.37 ± 0.798

[22.21, 22.53]

22.32 ± 0.786

[22.10, 22.55]

22.40 ± 0.829

[22.16, 22.64]*^,#,ф

22.36 ± 0.804

[22.20, 22.52]*

0.002

0.004

0.097

0.001

LT/AL ratio

0.22 ± 0.016

[0.21, 0.22]

0.22 ± 0.018

[0.22, 0.23]

0.22 ± 0.017

[0.22, 0.22]

0.22 ± 0.016

[0.21, 0.22]**

0.22 ± 0.018

[0.22, 0.23]**

0.22 ± 0.017

[0.22, 0.22]**

0.22 ± 0.016

[0.21, 0.22]*

0.22 ± 0.019

[0.22, 0.23]

0.22 ± 0.017

[0.22, 0.22]

<0.001

0.011

<0.001

Measured results were presented as Mean ± Standard Deviation [95% confidence interval], except IOP of PAC/APCG group and total participants as Median (Minimum, Maximum) for their abnormal distribution.

IOP intraocular pressure, PD pupil diameter, ACD anterior chamber depth, LT lens thickness, CCT central corneal thickness, WTW white to white, K keratometry, AL axial length, LT/AL lens thickness/axial length.

P1: Significance of difference among three time points in total. Bold values indicated significant differences based on p value.

P2: Significance of changing pattern between groups. Bold values indicated significant differences based on p value.

P3: Significance of difference among three time points in group PACS. Bold values indicated significant differences based on p value.

P4: Significance of difference among three time points in group PAC/PACG. Bold values indicated significant differences based on p value.

*Indicated p < 0.05, while **indicated p < 0.01 for measurements after intervention compared with that measured at baseline.

^#Indicated p < 0.05 and ^##indicated p < 0.01 when measurements compared between the two groups at each time point.

^фIndicated p < 0.05 for measurements after LPI compared to that measured under miosis.

^aCompared using paired samples T-test for PACS group, and related samples Wilcoxon signed rank test for PAC/PACG group for its non-normal distribution.