Table 1.
Demographics, DNAm-based age acceleration and telomere length acceleration, as well as GrimAge components, and DNAm-based white blood cell counts between patients with untreated MDD and controls.
| CTL (n = 40) | MDD (n = 40) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Sex (male/female) | 20/20 | 16/24 | 0.106a |
| Age (years old), median (IQR) | 24.0 (23.0, 26.25) | 43.5 (29.5, 52.0) | <0.001b |
| DNAmAge and DNAmTL accelerationc | |||
| AgeAccelHorvath, median (IQR) | −0.69 (−2.94, 1.49) | −0.07 (−2.42, 2.15) | 0.684b |
| AgeAccelHannum, median (IQR) | −1.86 (−5.75, 1.21) | 1.75 (−0.002, 3.72) | <0.001b |
| AgeAccelSkinBlood, median (IQR) | −0.10 (−3.67, 0.59) | 0.70 (−0.68, 2.19) | 0.0098b |
| AgeAccelPheno, median (IQR) | −1.30 (−5.19, 2.31) | 1.30 (−1.57, 3.36) | 0.0333b |
| AgeAccelGrim, median (IQR) | −0.97 (−2.51, 0.43) | 1.30 (−2.14, 3.61) | 0.013b |
| DNAmTLadjAge, median (IQR) | 0.04 (−0.14, 0.20) | −0.03 (−0.12, 0.07) | 0.0914b |
| GrimAge componentsd | |||
| DNAmADM [pg/ml] (IQR) | 278.378 (262.456, 291.612) | 317.582 (300.479, 337.206) | <0.001b |
| DNAmB2M [pg/ml] (IQR) | 1115022 (1071350, 1169213) | 1440094 (1225107, 1549209) | <0.001b |
| DNAmCystatinC [pg/ml] (IQR) | 504475 (486991, 515874) | 589892 (539036, 605227) | <0.001b |
| DNAmGDF-15 [pg/ml] (IQR) | 275.698 (226.861, 337.268) | 523.425 (378.453, 622.928) | <0.001b |
| DNAmLeptin [pg/ml] (IQR) | 4987.87 (−1390.06, 6282.70) | 5711.41 (554.882, 7582.69) | 0.012b |
| DNAmPAI-1 [pg/ml] (IQR) | 12689.9 (11927.0, 14153.7) | 15438.6 (13629.0, 17392.3) | <0.001b |
| DNAmTIMP-1 [pg/ml] (IQR) | 28674.7 (28312.8 29072.3) | 31910.2 (29996.9, 33285.2) | <0.001b |
| DNAmPACKYRS (IQR) | 5.08330 (2.68010, 6.73291) | 10.9202 (8.12618, 14.8601) | <0.001b |
| DNAm-based white blood cell compositione | |||
| CD8+ T cell (IQR) | 0.085 (0.058, 0.112) | 0.095 (0.082, 0.129) | 0.031b |
| Naive CD8+ T cell (IQR) | 292.1 (256.1, 321.7) | 230.7 (194.5, 271.4) | <0.001b |
| Exhausted CD8+ T cell (IQR) | 9.33 (7.184, 11.934) | 9.846 (8.739, 11.546) | 0.595b |
| CD4+ T cell (IQR) | 0.133 (0.097, 0.157) | 0.111(0.075, 0.142) | 0.058b |
| Naive CD4+ T cell (IQR) | 422.0 (331.4, 473.0) | 371.2 (323.2, 466.4) | 0.524b |
| Natural killer cell (IQR) | 0.130 (0.089, 0.163) | 0.030 (0.018, 0.049) | <0.001b |
| Monocyte (IQR) | 0.056 (0.048, 0.072) | 0.059 (0.050, 0.072) | 0.402b |
| Granulocyte (IQR) | 0.548 (0.490, 0.595) | 0.625 (0.554, 0.680) | <0.001b |
| B cell (IQR) | 0.045 (0.037, 0.058) | 0.049 (0.033, 0.063) | 0.642b |
| Plasmablast (IQR) | 1.817 (1.691, 1.962) | 1.831 (1.692, 1.936) | 0.792b |
aWe assessed p -value using the χ2-test.
bWe assessed p -value using the Mann–Whitney U test.
cWe defined epigenetic age acceleration (AgeAccelHorvath, AgeAccelHannum, AgeAccelSkinBlood, AgeAccelPheno, and AgeAccelGrim) as the residual from regressing each DNAm age on the chronological age. We defined DNAmTLadjAge as the residual from regressing DNAmTL on chronological age.
dGrimAge components indicated DNAm-based age-predictive factors.
eThese white blood cell counts are predicted by DNAm.
If p-values are significant at <0.05, they are denoted in bold and in italics.
ADM adrenomedullin, B2M beta-2-microglobulin, CD4 cluster of differentiation 4, CD8 cluster of differentiation 8, CTL control, DNAm DNA methylation, DNAmPACKYRS DNA methylation-based smoking pack-years, DNAmTL DNA methylation-based telomere length, DNAmTLadjAge age-adjusted estimate of DNA methylation-based telomere length, GDF-15 growth differentiation factor 15, IQR interquartile range, MDD major depressive disorder, PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, TIMP-1 tissue inhibitor ofmetalloproteinases-1.