Table 1.
Various Tools and Their Population Specific Cut-Offs to Diagnose Sarcopenia.
| EWGSOP [13,62] | AASLD [3] | AWGS [12] | JSH [14] | INASL [1] | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hand-grip strength (kg) | M: 27 F: 16 |
M: 26 F: 18 |
M: 28 F: 18 |
M:28 F: 18 |
M: 27 F: 16 |
Simple, inexpensive tool Can be used in OPD Take average of 3 readings using the non-dominant hand |
| Gait speed (m/s) | ≤0.8 (4 m) | ≤0.8 (4 m) | <1 (6 m) | ≤0.8 (4 m) | ≤0.8 (4 m) | Simple, inexpensive tool Can be used in OPD May not be feasible in very sick hospitalized patients |
| Five Chair stands (sec)) | 15 | – | 12 | – | – | Feasible, inexpensive method Can be used in OPD May not be feasible in very sick hospitalized patients |
| BIA (kg/m2) | – | – | M: <7 F: <5.7 |
M: <7 F: <5.7 |
M: <7 F: <5.7 |
Good precision and accuracy Non-invasive, no radiation Ascites/oedema affects accuracy |
| DEXA (kg/m2) | M: <7 F: <5.5 |
– | M: <7 F: <5.4 |
M: <7 F: <5.4 |
M: <7 F: <5.4 |
Measures appendicular lean mass Good accuracy and reproducible Requires trained radiologist Low dose radiation, cost, and infrastructural issues Ascites/oedema affects accuracy |
| CT SMI-L3 (cm2/m2) | M: <41.6 F: <32 |
M:<50 F: <39 |
M:<40.8 F: <34.9 |
M:<42 F:<38 |
M: <42 F: <38 |
Most objective and validated tool Good accuracy and clinical correlation Unaffected by ascites/oedema Requires trained radiologist High radiation, cost, and infrastructural issues Can be incorporated in surveillance CT |
EWGSOP, European working group on Sarcopenia in older people; AASLD, American association for study of liver disease; AWGS, Asian working group on Sarcopenia; JSH, Japanese society of Hepatology; INASL, Indian National association for the study of liver; BIA, Bioelectrical impedance analysis; DEXA, Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; CT, Computed tomography; SMI, Skeletal muscle index; L3, 3rd lumbar vertebra; kg/m2, Kilogram per meter square; m/s, meter per second; cm2/m2, centimeter square per meter square; M, Males; F, Females; OPD, Outpatient department.