Table 1. Distinct TME composition of MPR and non-MPR after cancer immunotherapy against NSCLC.

Response	Cell type	Subtypes	Reference
MPR	T cells	High levels of infiltrating CD8⁺ lymphocytes	Wu et al. (17)
		Large proportion of Trm cells
		HAVCR2/TIGIT/PDCD1/GNLY/HLA-A/GZMB-high Trm cells
		GZMB-expressing Trm cells	Hu et al. (12)
		Higher CD4⁺IL21⁺ T cells	Hui et al. (10)
		Decreased CD4⁺CD25⁺CD127⁻ Treg cells
		Diminished TNFRSF4⁺ Treg cells
		TCRs with strong ligand-dependent signaling	Caushi et al. (15)
		IL7R/TCF7/GZMK-high MANA-specific CD8⁺ T cells	Caushi et al. (15)
		Mitotic CD8⁺ T cells	Jia et al. (13); Hu et al. (12)
	B cells	FCRL4⁺FCRL5⁺ memory B cells	Hu et al. (12)
		Abundant CD19⁺ B cells	Hui et al. (10)
		B cell class switch to IgG1 and IgG3 positive cells	Hui et al. (10)
	Dendritic cells	Activated cDCs	Hu et al. (12)
	Dendritic cells	Increased LAMP3⁺ DCs	Hu et al. (12); Hui et al. (10)
	Monocytes	Neutral CX3CR1⁺ monocytes	Hu et al. (12)
	Monocytes	More infiltration of CD14⁺ monocytes and CD16⁺ monocytes	Jia et al. (13)
	Macrophages	Activated CD68⁺ HLA-DR⁺ macrophages	Wu et al. (17)
	Macrophages	TAMs reprogrammed to M0 phenotype	Hu et al. (12)
Non-MPR	T cells	Deficiency of CD8⁺ T cell recruiting TAMs and CAFs	Yang et al. (18)*
		Presence of Tstr cells	Chu et al. (9)
		Abundant FoxP3⁺ Treg cells	Hui et al. (10)
		TCRs with lower ligand-dependent signaling	Caushi et al. (15)
		TOX2/CTLA4/HAVCR/ENTPD1-high MANA-specific CD8⁺ T cells
		Largely confined to HOBIT-high Trm cells
		GZMH/HLA-DRA/IFNG-high Trm cells	Wu et al. (17)
	B cells	Presence of CXCL17⁺ plasma cells	Yang et al. (18)*
	Dendritic cells	Presence of CXCL17⁺ DCs	Yang et al. (18)*
	Monocytes	Angiogenic VEGFA⁺ monocytes	Hu et al. (12)
	Mast cells	Angiogenic VEGFA⁺ mast cells	Yang et al. (18)*
	Macrophages	M2 signature	Hu et al. (12)
	Macrophages	Angiogenic SPP1⁺ TAMs	Hu et al. (12)
	Neutrophils	More CCL3⁺ aged neutrophils	Hu et al. (12)
	Non-immune cells	LEPR⁺ CAFs	Yang et al. (18)*

*, study on untreated LUAD samples with validation using post-immunotherapy data. TME, tumor microenvironment; MPR, major pathologic response; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; Trm, tissue resident memory T; Treg, regulatory T; TCR, T cell receptor; MANA, mutation-associated neoantigen; cDC, conventional dendritic cell; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage; CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast; Tstr, stress response T; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma.