Table 1. Baseline and repeated measurements of study participants.
| Characteristic | Men | Women | ||||
| 1992–1994 | 2002–2004 | 1992–1994 | 2002–2004 | |||
|
| ||||||
| N = 98,117 (B) | N = 98,117 (A) | A − B | N = 71,312 (B) | N = 71,312 (A) | A − B | |
| Age, years | 26.8 (2.0) | 36.3 (2.4) | 25.3 (2.6) | 34.9 (3.1) | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.4 (2.4) | 24.3 (2.9) | 1.9 | 20.3 (2.0) | 21.5 (2.5) | 1.2 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 120.0 (11.6) | 123.0 (13.7) | 3.0 | 111.3 (10.3) | 111.7 (12.1) | 0.4 |
| Fasting serum glucose, mm Hg | 86.3 (13.6) | 91.6 (20.6) | 5.3 | 83.3 (11.7) | 86.1 (12.5) | 2.7 |
| Total serum cholesterol, mg/dL | 173.9 (33.0) | 194.7 (36.0) | 20.8 | 172.9 (33.0) | 178.8 (32.3) | 5.9 |
| Alcoholic drinks, g per day | 17.1 (23.6) | 14.3 (21.0) | −2.8 | 1.05 (3.8) | 0.9 (2.9) | 0.06 |
| Smoking status, % | ||||||
| Former smoker | 13.2 | 17.7 | 4.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.1 |
| Current smoker | 65.1 | 47.4 | −17.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Any alcohol use (yes), % | 83.3 | 75.6 | −7.7 | 32.3 | 23.8 | −8.5 |
| Physical activity (yes), % | 20.4 | 62.6 | 42.2 | 8.7 | 29.4 | 20.7 |
*Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise indicated. All differences (A − B) were statistically significant (P for paired t test: <0.001).