. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Artif Intell Med. 2023 Jul 17;143:102624. doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2023.102624

Table 2.

Association of GeMAPS features with ADRD

GeMAPS	Parameter (P-value)
Parameters that are significantly associated with ADRD	loudness_sma3_percentile20.0 (1.80e-29), HNRdBACF_sma3nz_stddevNorm (6.69e-28), mfcc2_sma3_stddevNorm (9.12e-27), slopeV0–500_sma3nz_stddevNorm (4.20e-26), alphaRatioV_sma3nz_stddevNorm (3.23e-24), loudness_sma3_percentile50.0 (2.16e-21), mfcc2V_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.62e-15), spectralFluxUV_sma3nz_amean (2.34e-13), MeanUnvoicedSegmentLength (7.75e-13), slopeV500–1500_sma3nz_stddevNorm (9.59e-13), spectralFlux_sma3_amean (1.04e-12), StddevUnvoicedSegmentLength (1.49e-12), spectralFluxV_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.81e-12), MeanVoicedSegmentLengthSec (2.04e-12), loudness_sma3_amean (7.23e-12), mfcc4_sma3_stddevNorm (3.15e-11), loudness_sma3_pctlrange0-2 (1.00e-10), loudness_sma3_percentile80.0 (1.12e-10), spectralFluxV_sma3nz_amean (1.40e-10), StddevVoicedSegmentLengthSec (3.11e-10), loudness_sma3_stddevFallingSlope (8.36e-09), loudness_sma3_stddevRisingSlope (1.12e-08), mfcc3V_sma3nz_stddevNorm (3.55e-08), loudness_sma3_stddevNorm (6.98e-08), mfcc3_sma3_stddevNorm (1.52e-07), spectralFlux_sma3_stddevNorm (3.06e-07), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_pctlrange0-2 (1.28e-06), loudness_sma3_meanFallingSlope (4.70e-06), loudness_sma3_meanRisingSlope (5.03e-06), logRelF0-H1-H2_sma3nz_stddevNorm (6.22e-06), mfcc1V_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.12e-04), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_stddevFallingSlope (2.04e-04), slopeUV0–500_sma3nz_amean (2.06e-04), mfcc4V_sma3nz_stddevNorm (2.18e-04), HNRdBACF_sma3nz_amean (2.31e-04), jitterLocal_sma3nz_amean (2.39e-04), shimmerLocaldB_sma3nz_stddevNorm (2.77e-04), hammarbergIndexV_sma3nz_stddevNorm (2.96e-04), loudnessPeaksPerSec (7.97e-04), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_percentile20.0 (2.37e-03), slopeV0–500_sma3nz_amean (4.40e-03), logRelF0-H1-A3_sma3nz_stddevNorm (9.82e-03), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_percentile50.0 (9.84e-03), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.20e-02), jitterLocal_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.25e-02), F1amplitudeLogRelF0_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.68e-02), F1bandwidth_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.68e-02), F3frequency_sma3nz_amean (2.04e-02), F2amplitudeLogRelF0_sma3nz_stddevNorm (2.13e-02), F1amplitudeLogRelF0_sma3nz_amean (2.20e-02), F1bandwidth_sma3nz_amean (2.42e-02), mfcc3V_sma3nz_amean (2.47e-02), F3amplitudeLogRelF0_sma3nz_amean (3.08e-02), F3bandwidth_sma3nz_stddevNorm (3.47e-02), F1frequency_sma3nz_amean (3.63e-02), F3amplitudeLogRelF0_sma3nz_stddevNorm (4.35e-02), F2amplitudeLogRelF0_sma3nz_amean (4.48e-02)
Parameters that are not associated with ADRD	hammarbergIndexV_sma3nz_amean (5.64e-02), logRelF0-H1-H2_sma3nz_amean (6.56e-02), F2frequency_sma3nz_stddevNorm (6.61e-02), F2frequency_sma3nz_amean (8.62e-02), F1frequency_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.02e-01), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_amean (1.14e-01), logRelF0-H1-A3_sma3nz_amean (1.15e-01), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_meanFallingSlope (1.16e-01), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_percentile80.0 (1.31e-01), equivalentSoundLevel_dBp (1.46e-01), slopeUV500–1500_sma3nz_amean (2.19e-01), F3frequency_sma3nz_stddevNorm (2.54e-01), hammarbergIndexUV_sma3nz_amean (2.71e-01), mfcc1V_sma3nz_amean (4.22e-01), mfcc4V_sma3nz_amean (4.86e-01), F3bandwidth_sma3nz_amean (4.91e-01), mfcc3_sma3_amean (5.08e-01), mfcc2_sma3_amean (5.33e-01), mfcc2V_sma3nz_amean (5.79e-01), VoicedSegmentsPerSec (6.12e-01), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_meanRisingSlope (6.83e-01), shimmerLocaldB_sma3nz_amean (7.12e-01), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_stddevRisingSlope (7.19e-01), F2bandwidth_sma3nz_stddevNorm (7.62e-01), mfcc1_sma3_stddevNorm (7.94e-01), alphaRatioUV_sma3nz_amean (8.17e-01), slopeV500–1500_sma3nz_amean (8.33e-01), mfcc1_sma3_amean (8.44e-01), alphaRatioV_sma3nz_amean (8.72e-01), mfcc4_sma3_amean (9.61e-01), F2bandwidth_sma3nz_amean (9.68e-01)

GeMAPS

Parameter (P-value)

Parameters that are significantly associated with ADRD

loudness_sma3_percentile20.0 (1.80e-29), HNRdBACF_sma3nz_stddevNorm (6.69e-28), mfcc2_sma3_stddevNorm (9.12e-27), slopeV0–500_sma3nz_stddevNorm (4.20e-26), alphaRatioV_sma3nz_stddevNorm (3.23e-24), loudness_sma3_percentile50.0 (2.16e-21), mfcc2V_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.62e-15), spectralFluxUV_sma3nz_amean (2.34e-13), MeanUnvoicedSegmentLength (7.75e-13), slopeV500–1500_sma3nz_stddevNorm (9.59e-13), spectralFlux_sma3_amean (1.04e-12), StddevUnvoicedSegmentLength (1.49e-12), spectralFluxV_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.81e-12), MeanVoicedSegmentLengthSec (2.04e-12), loudness_sma3_amean (7.23e-12), mfcc4_sma3_stddevNorm (3.15e-11), loudness_sma3_pctlrange0-2 (1.00e-10), loudness_sma3_percentile80.0 (1.12e-10), spectralFluxV_sma3nz_amean (1.40e-10), StddevVoicedSegmentLengthSec (3.11e-10), loudness_sma3_stddevFallingSlope (8.36e-09), loudness_sma3_stddevRisingSlope (1.12e-08), mfcc3V_sma3nz_stddevNorm (3.55e-08), loudness_sma3_stddevNorm (6.98e-08), mfcc3_sma3_stddevNorm (1.52e-07), spectralFlux_sma3_stddevNorm (3.06e-07), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_pctlrange0-2 (1.28e-06), loudness_sma3_meanFallingSlope (4.70e-06), loudness_sma3_meanRisingSlope (5.03e-06), logRelF0-H1-H2_sma3nz_stddevNorm (6.22e-06), mfcc1V_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.12e-04), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_stddevFallingSlope (2.04e-04), slopeUV0–500_sma3nz_amean (2.06e-04), mfcc4V_sma3nz_stddevNorm (2.18e-04), HNRdBACF_sma3nz_amean (2.31e-04), jitterLocal_sma3nz_amean (2.39e-04), shimmerLocaldB_sma3nz_stddevNorm (2.77e-04), hammarbergIndexV_sma3nz_stddevNorm (2.96e-04), loudnessPeaksPerSec (7.97e-04), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_percentile20.0 (2.37e-03), slopeV0–500_sma3nz_amean (4.40e-03), logRelF0-H1-A3_sma3nz_stddevNorm (9.82e-03), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_percentile50.0 (9.84e-03), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.20e-02), jitterLocal_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.25e-02), F1amplitudeLogRelF0_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.68e-02), F1bandwidth_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.68e-02), F3frequency_sma3nz_amean (2.04e-02), F2amplitudeLogRelF0_sma3nz_stddevNorm (2.13e-02), F1amplitudeLogRelF0_sma3nz_amean (2.20e-02), F1bandwidth_sma3nz_amean (2.42e-02), mfcc3V_sma3nz_amean (2.47e-02), F3amplitudeLogRelF0_sma3nz_amean (3.08e-02), F3bandwidth_sma3nz_stddevNorm (3.47e-02), F1frequency_sma3nz_amean (3.63e-02), F3amplitudeLogRelF0_sma3nz_stddevNorm (4.35e-02), F2amplitudeLogRelF0_sma3nz_amean (4.48e-02)

Parameters that are not associated with ADRD

hammarbergIndexV_sma3nz_amean (5.64e-02), logRelF0-H1-H2_sma3nz_amean (6.56e-02), F2frequency_sma3nz_stddevNorm (6.61e-02), F2frequency_sma3nz_amean (8.62e-02), F1frequency_sma3nz_stddevNorm (1.02e-01), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_amean (1.14e-01), logRelF0-H1-A3_sma3nz_amean (1.15e-01), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_meanFallingSlope (1.16e-01), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_percentile80.0 (1.31e-01), equivalentSoundLevel_dBp (1.46e-01), slopeUV500–1500_sma3nz_amean (2.19e-01), F3frequency_sma3nz_stddevNorm (2.54e-01), hammarbergIndexUV_sma3nz_amean (2.71e-01), mfcc1V_sma3nz_amean (4.22e-01), mfcc4V_sma3nz_amean (4.86e-01), F3bandwidth_sma3nz_amean (4.91e-01), mfcc3_sma3_amean (5.08e-01), mfcc2_sma3_amean (5.33e-01), mfcc2V_sma3nz_amean (5.79e-01), VoicedSegmentsPerSec (6.12e-01), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_meanRisingSlope (6.83e-01), shimmerLocaldB_sma3nz_amean (7.12e-01), F0semitoneFrom27.5Hz_sma3nz_stddevRisingSlope (7.19e-01), F2bandwidth_sma3nz_stddevNorm (7.62e-01), mfcc1_sma3_stddevNorm (7.94e-01), alphaRatioUV_sma3nz_amean (8.17e-01), slopeV500–1500_sma3nz_amean (8.33e-01), mfcc1_sma3_amean (8.44e-01), alphaRatioV_sma3nz_amean (8.72e-01), mfcc4_sma3_amean (9.61e-01), F2bandwidth_sma3nz_amean (9.68e-01)