Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Variables | Total (N = 2,645,042) |
|---|---|
| Sex | |
| Male | 1,358,515 (51.4) |
| Female | 1,286,527 (48.6) |
| Age, years | 48.82 ± 10.08 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.76 ± 3.27 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 80.30 ± 9.37 |
| Household income | |
| Q1, lowest | 717,496 (27.1) |
| Q2 | 922,008 (34.9) |
| Q3 | 664,499 (25.1) |
| Q4, highest | 341,039 (12.9) |
| Smoking status | |
| Never | 1,629,714 (61.6) |
| Former | 388,337 (14.7) |
| Current | 626,991 (23.7) |
| Alcohol consumption (days/week) | |
| None | 1,411,227 (53.4) |
| 1–4 | 1,127,425 (42.6) |
| ≥5 | 106,390 (4.0) |
| Regular physical activity (days/week) | |
| None | 1,621,142 (61.3) |
| 1–4 | 869,808 (32.9) |
| ≥5 | 154,092 (5.8) |
| Proteinuria | |
| Negative (−) | 2,524,572 (95.5) |
| Positive (+) | 120,470 (4.6) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Hypertension | 659,503 (24.9) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 279,725 (10.6) |
| Dyslipidemia | 523,785 (19.8) |
| Heart failure | 33,429 (1.3) |
| Myocardial infarction | 7,813 (0.3) |
| Valvular heart disease | 5,819 (0.2) |
| Cardiomyopathy | 1,902 (0.1) |
| Congenital heart disease | 833 (0.0) |
| Hyperthyroidism | 29,648 (1.1) |
| Charlson comorbidity index | |
| 0 | 2,096,358 (79.3) |
| 1 | 402,157 (15.2) |
| ≥2 | 146,527 (5.5) |
| eGFR (decile), mL/min/1.73 m2 | |
| 1st (<67.51) | 263,451 (10.0) |
| 2nd (67.51–75.08) | 266,010 (10.1) |
| 3rd (75.08–80.69) | 265,650 (10.0) |
| 4th (80.69–86.05) | 271,300 (10.3) |
| 5th (86.05–90.49) | 254,182 (9.6) |
| 6th (90.49–95.50) | 262,462 (9.9) |
| 7th (95.50–100.55) | 271,764 (10.3) |
| 8th (100.55–105.63) | 261,435 (9.9) |
| 9th (105.63–113.41) | 264,354 (10.0) |
| 10th (≥113.41) | 264,434 (10.0) |
| eGFR (range), mL/min/1.73 m2 | |
| <30 | 2,774 (0.1) |
| 30–60 | 112,121 (4.2) |
| 60–90 | 1,185,354 (44.8) |
| 90–120 | 1,235,776 (46.7) |
| >120 | 109,017 (4.1) |
Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, or number (percentage). Q, quartile; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.