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. 2023 Aug 24;15:1223977. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1223977

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Copyright © 2023 Seike, Chen and Mochly-Rosen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Effects of ethanol on the blood-brain barrier. (B) The effect of reduced ALDH2 activity on the blood-brain barrier. (C) Effects of ethanol and reduced ALDH2 activity on the integrity of the blood brain barrier. Thick lines indicate pathways of exacerbation. MMP-9, matrix metallopeptidase 9; TRPM7, transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7; ROS, reactive oxygen species; 4-HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal.