Table 1.
Demographic Data and Clinical Characteristics of All Subjects
| Variables | SZ (n = 88) | HC (n = 81) | t/Z/χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 28.76 ± 8.29 | 30.93 ± 10.75 | −0.735 | .462 | |
| Sex (M/F) | 38/43 | 47/41 | 0.712 | .399 | |
| Education (y) | 10.93 ± 3.15 | 13.52 ± 4.12 | −4.156 | .000 | |
| Disease duration (mo) | 74.84 ± 65.80 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| Response/nonresponse | 47/41 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| Baseline | 8 wk | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PANSS total | 93.16 ± 14.99 | 59.83 ± 14.18 | N/A | 21.290 | .000 |
| PANSS positive | 13.22 ± 3.97 | 7.20 ± 3.12 | N/A | 15.558 | .000 |
| PANSS negative | 25.75 ± 6.25 | 18.35 ± 6.36 | N/A | 11.473 | .000 |
| PANSS cognitive | 20.52 ± 4.73 | 14.22 ± 3.65 | N/A | 11.616 | .000 |
| PANSS depressive | 8.35 ± 3.33 | 5.59 ± 2.22 | N/A | 9.783 | .000 |
| PANSS excitement | 19.83 ± 5.59 | 10.39 ± 3.53 | N/A | 17.097 | .000 |
| TMT | 72.07 ± 38.00 | 52.77 ± 24.03 | N/A | 6.500 | .000 |
| Symbol coding | 37.71 ± 12.07 | 38.73 ± 12.60 | N/A | −1.174 | .243 |
| HVLT-R | 16.16 ± 6.06 | 20.51 ± 6.11 | N/A | −8.051 | .000 |
| Spatial span | 11.60 ± 3.15 | 12.34 ± 3.26 | N/A | −2.345 | .021 |
| Mazes | 7.84 ± 4.75 | 10.00 ± 6.12 | N/A | −4.640 | .000 |
| BVMT-R | 17.10 ± 8.73 | 21.75 ± 10.15 | N/A | −4.982 | .000 |
| Category fluency | 14.99 ± 5.50 | 17.35 ± 6.06 | N/A | −3.953 | .000 |
| CPT-IP | 1.28 ± 0.66 | 1.28 ± 0.72 | N/A | −0.051 | .959 |
| Cpz (mg/d) | 345.73 ± 235.49 | 622.64 ± 275.43 | N/A | −9.026 | .000 |
Note: Unless otherwise indicated, data are means ± SD; BVMT-R, The revised Brief Visuospatial Memory Test; CPT-IP, The Continuous Performance Test Identical Pairs; Cpz, chlorpromazine equivalents; HC, healthy control; HVLT-R, The revised Hopkins Verbal Learning Test; N/A, not applicable; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SZ, schizophrenia; TMT, trail making test.