Table 2.

Comparison of period of diagnosis, age of diagnosis and last visit, UTI episodes, treatment and outcomes in study posterior urethral valve boys with and without chronic kidney disease

	With CKD	Without CKD	Total	Statistical test	P value
N	22	55	77
Period of diagnosis 1991–2000 2001–2010 2011–2020	2 (9.1) 16 (72.7) 4 (18.2)	4 (7.3) 28 (50.9) 23 (41.8)	6 (7.8) 44 (57.1) 27 (35.1)	Fisher’s exact test	0.132
Age at diagnosis median (IQR) mo	21.5 (3.7–52.2)	3.5 (0.7–11.9)	4.8 (0.8–28.7)	Rank-sum test	*0.013
Age group at diagnosis 0–3 mo >3–36 mo >36 mo	5 (22.7) 8 (36.4) 9 (40.9)	27 (49.1) 19 (34.5) 9 (16.4)	32 (41.6) 27 (35.1) 18 (23.4)	Chi sq. (2 df) = 6.69	*0.035
Maximum creatinine Median (IQR)	5.2 (2.6–10.2)	0.9 (0.6–1.4)	1.2 (0.6–3.0)	Rank-sum test	< 0.001
Age at last visit mean (SD) yr	11.9 (6.1–17.9)	4.6 (2.1–11.1)	6.3 (2.2–12.6)	Rank-sum test	*0.019
UTI episodes 0 1 2 >2	5 (22.7) 3 (13.6) 7 (31.8) 7 (31.8)	13 (23.6) 14 (25.5) 13 (23.6) 15 (27.3)	18 (23.4) 17 (22.1) 20 (26) 22 (28.6)	Chi sq. (3 df) = 1.52	0.678
Status at last visit Alive Dead Referred Lost to follow up	8 (36.4) 2 (9.1) 8 (36.4) 4 (18.2)	27 (49.1) 3 (5.5) 10 (18.2) 15 (27.3)	35 (45.5) 5 (6.5) 18 (23.4) 19 (24.7)	Fisher’s exact test	0.295
Failure to thrive Yes No	10 (45.5) 12 (54.5)	9 (16.4) 46 (83.6)	19 (24.7) 58 (75.3)	Chi sq. (1 df) = 5.68	*0.017
Proteinuria Yes No	11 (50) 11 (50)	3 (5.5) 52 (94.5)	14 (18.2) 63 (81.8)	Fisher’s exact test	*< 0.001
Bladder dysfunction Yes No	4 (18.2) 18 (81.8)	7 (12.7) 48 (87.3)	11 (14.3) 66 (85.7)	Fisher’s exact test	0.719
Hypertension Yes No	7 (31.8) 15 (68.2)	0 55 (100.0)	7 (9.1) 70 (90.9)	Fisher’s exact test	*< 0.001
Hematuria Yes No	4 (18.2) 18 (81.8)	0 55 (100.0)	4 (5.2) 73 (94.8)	Fisher’s exact test	*0.005

CKD: chronic kidney disease; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation; VUR: vesicoureteral reflux