Table 4.
Aminogram, essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acid (BCAAs), and total amino acids of basil under untreated control, copper sulfate (Cu), copper complexed with amino acids and peptides (Cu-VPH), vegetal protein hydrolysate (VPH), and Cu-VPH enriched with VPH (VPH+Cu-VPH) treatments.
| Treatments | Control | Cu | Cu-VPH | VPH+ Cu-VPH | VPH | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ala | 3.64 ± 0.34 b | 5.41 ± 0.10 b | 2.81 ± 0.39 b | 9.68 ± 1.63 a | 5.93 ± 0.73 ab | *** |
| Arg | 0.908 ± 0.13 b | 1.771 ± 0.08 a | 1.436 ± 0.11 ab | 0.959 ± 0.13 b | 1.757 ± 0.22 a | ** |
| Asn | 1.142 ± 0.226 b | 0.970 ± 0.087 b | 1.061 ± 0.087 b | 2.634 ± 0.486 a | 1.627 ± 0.204 ab | ** |
| Asp | 0.513 ± 0.023 b | 0.374 ± 0.041 b | 0.410 ± 0.047 b | 0.957 ± 0.137 a | 1.018 ± 0.106 a | *** |
| GABA | 1.825 ± 0.367 ab | 2.666 ± 0.339 a | 0.700 ± 0.126 b | 2.816 ± 0.439 a | 2.206 ± 0.374 ab | ** |
| Gln | 2.028 ± 0.273 ab | 1.356 ± 0.099 b | 1.209 ± 0.234 b | 3.619 ± 0.594 a | 3.805 ± 0.532 a | ** |
| Glu | 18.49 ± 1.17 ab | 16.43 ± 1.85 ab | 10.55 ± 0.68 b | 20.15 ± 2.78 a | 20.49 ± 2.06 a | * |
| Gly | 0.511 ± 0.068 abc | 0.443 ± 0.024 bc | 0.275 ± 0.044 c | 0.714 ± 0.055 a | 0.685 ± 0.067 ab | *** |
| His | 0.040 ± 0.006 b | 0.165 ± 0.018 b | 0.136 ± 0.014 b | 0.369 ± 0.052 a | 0.357 ± 0.040 a | *** |
| Ile | 0.781 ± 0.099 ab | 0.896 ± 0.048 ab | 0.543 ± 0.036 c | 1.155 ± 0.090 a | 1.006 ± 0.125 a | ** |
| Leu | 1.454 ± 0.130 ab | 1.465 ± 0.082 ab | 1.088 ± 0.096 b | 1.850 ± 0.094 a | 1.641 ± 0.186 ab | * |
| Lys | 2.454 ± 0.068 | 2.411 ± 0.097 | 2.176 ± 0.221 | 2.318 ± 0.146 | 2.464 ± 0.057 | ns |
| MEA | 0.919 ± 0.156 a | 0.773 ± 0.052 ab | 0.299 ± 0.034 b | 1.207 ± 0.183 a | 1.149 ± 0.163 a | ** |
| Met | 0.028 ± 0.003 ab | 0.033 ± 0.006 a | 0.015 ± 0.002 b | 0.031 ± 0.003 ab | 0.031 ± 0.004 ab | * |
| Orn | 1.108 ± 0.098 | 1.217 ± 0.125 | 0.904 ± 0.070 | 1.313 ± 0.099 | 1.214 ± 0.127 | ns |
| Phe | 0.201 ± 0.028 bc | 0.238 ± 0.004 bc | 0.130 ± 0.013 c | 0.442 ± 0.044 a | 0.322 ± 0.066 ab | ** |
| Pro | 2.584 ± 0.158 | 2.051 ± 0.055 | 2.261 ± 0.215 | 2.332 ± 0.107 | 2.067 ± 0.304 | ns |
| Ser | 0.611 ± 0.048 bc | 0.517 ± 0.049 bc | 0.394 ± 0.048 c | 0.897 ± 0.037 a | 0.634 ± 0.055 b | *** |
| Thr | 0.382 ± 0.054 ab | 0.250 ± 0.021 b | 0.166 ± 0.028 b | 0.632 ± 0.095 a | 0.465 ± 0.092 ab | ** |
| Trp | 0.403 ± 0.083 ab | 0.495 ± 0.002 ab | 0.251 ± 0.026 b | 0.752 ± 0.116 a | 0.530 ± 0.101 ab | * |
| Tyr | 0.354 ± 0.063 ab | 0.338 ± 0.009 ab | 0.218 ± 0.018 b | 0.518 ± 0.057 a | 0.407 ± 0.076 ab | * |
| Val | 0.850 ± 0.174 ab | 1.044 ± 0.057 ab | 0.743 ± 0.038 b | 1.471 ± 0.128 a | 1.231 ± 0.204 ab | * |
| Essential AA | 7.50 ± 0.74 bc | 8.77 ± 0.28 abc | 6.68 ± 0.54 c | 9.98 ± 0.65 ab | 10.14 ± 0.44 a | ** |
| BCAAs | 3.08 ± 0.40 ab | 3.40 ± 0.19 ab | 2.37 ± 0.17 b | 4.48 ± 0.29 a | 3.88 ± 0.51 ab | * |
| Total AA | 51.81 ± 4.34 bc | 53.49 ± 2.12 ab | 36.83 ± 2.72 c | 67.94 ± 4.29 a | 68.05 ± 3.02 a | *** |
ns, *, **, and *** denote nonsignificant or significant at p ≤ 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively. Different letters within each row indicate significant differences according to Tukey HSD test (p = 0.05). All data are expressed as mean ± standard error, n = 3. All data were expressed as µmol g–1 dw.