Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by septile of soluble α-klotho levels.
| Total | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of participants | 13583 | 1940 | 1943 | 1939 | 1944 | 1939 | 1942 | 1936 |
| Age (years old) | 56.1 ± 0.2 | 57.7 ± 0.3 | 56.9 ± 0.3 | 56.2 ± 0.3 | 56.0 ± 0.3 | 55.9 ± 0.3 | 55.5 ± 0.4 | 54.5 ± 0.3 |
| 40-49 years old | 3804 (31.7%) | 459 (27.0%) | 507 (31.3%) | 534 (31.6%) | 553 (31.7%) | 559 (32.3%) | 574 (32.6%) | 618 (35.8%) |
| 50-59 years old | 3616 (31.3%) | 492 (29.3%) | 457 (28.3%) | 534 (30.4%) | 531 (33.3%) | 506 (31.0%) | 541 (32.8%) | 555 (34.5%) |
| 60-69 years old | 3790 (23.8%) | 572 (27.3%) | 556 (23.4%) | 543 (26.1%) | 516 (21.8%) | 552 (23.8%) | 544 (24.1%) | 507 (19.7%) |
| 70-79 years old | 2373 (13.2%) | 417 (16.4%) | 423 (17.0%) | 328 (11.9%) | 344 (13.3%) | 322 (12.9%) | 283 (10.5%) | 256 (10.0%) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 6583 (47.8%) | 989 (48.2%) | 1011 (50.8%) | 1014 (50.6%) | 949 (49.4%) | 936 (48.7%) | 908 (47.3%) | 776 (38.6%) |
| Female | 7000 (52.2%) | 951 (51.8%) | 932 (49.2%) | 925 (49.4%) | 995 (50.6%) | 1003 (51.3%) | 1034 (52.7%) | 1160 (61.4%) |
| Race | ||||||||
| White People | 5870 (73.1%) | 854 (73.1%) | 936 (76.0%) | 896 (75.4%) | 897 (75.8%) | 820 (72.1%) | 826 (72.6%) | 641 (65.3%) |
| Black People | 2658 (9.1%) | 412 (10.0%) | 334 (7.6%) | 323 (7.3%) | 314 (7.2%) | 332 (7.8%) | 383 (8.9%) | 560 (15.5%) |
| Hispanics | 3720 (11.3%) | 516 (10.8%) | 501 (9.9%) | 518 (10.9%) | 522 (10.5%) | 574 (12.8%) | 530 (11.6%) | 559 (13.2%) |
| Others | 1335 (6.5%) | 158 (6.1%) | 172 (6.4%) | 202 (6.4%) | 211 (6.5%) | 213 (7.3%) | 203 (7.0%) | 176 (6.0%) |
| Income-poverty ratio | 3.25 ± 0.05 | 3.17 ± 0.08 | 3.28 ± 0.07 | 3.27 ± 0.06 | 3.34 ± 0.06 | 3.24 ± 0.07 | 3.26 ± 0.06 | 3.20 ± 0.07 |
| <1.3 | 3812 (17.6%) | 573 (19.0%) | 549 (17.0%) | 533 (16.9%) | 522 (15.5%) | 555 (18.7%) | 524 (17.9%) | 556 (18.6%) |
| 1.3 to < 3.5 | 4474 (32.7%) | 650 (33.7%) | 622 (32.1%) | 635 (33.5%) | 644 (33.0%) | 639 (31.6%) | 640 (31.7%) | 644 (33.1%) |
| ≥ 3.5 | 4184 (49.7%) | 557 (47.3%) | 590 (51.0%) | 624 (49.5%) | 630 (51.5%) | 589 (49.7%) | 612 (50.4%) | 582 (48.4%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.5 ± 0.1 | 29.6 ± 0.2 | 29.7 ± 0.2 | 29.7 ± 0.2 | 29.8 ± 0.2 | 29.3 ± 0.2 | 29.4 ± 0.2 | 29.2 ± 0.3 |
| < 25 | 3201 (24.6%) | 425 (23.5%) | 416 (20.8%) | 447 (23.0%) | 441 (24.0%) | 487 (26.7%) | 457 (25.5%) | 528 (29.8%) |
| ≥ 25 to < 30 | 4653 (35.2%) | 689 (36.9%) | 683 (37.8%) | 671 (34.7%) | 674 (34.8%) | 650 (34.9%) | 651 (34.5%) | 635 (32.8%) |
| ≥ 30 | 5569 (40.1%) | 799 (39.6%) | 818 (41.5%) | 791 (42.2%) | 806 (41.2%) | 784 (38.4%) | 816 (39.9%) | 755 (37.5%) |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 89.8 ± 0.3 | 86.1 ± 0.6 | 87.8 ± 0.5 | 89.4 ± 0.6 | 90.4 ± 0.5 | 90.5 ± 0.5 | 91.6 ± 0.5 | 92.9 ± 0.5 |
| ≥ 90 | 7250 (55.1%) | 891 (48.3%) | 934 (50.7%) | 1017 (53.4%) | 1085 (57.2%) | 1092 (57.3%) | 1101 (58.5%) | 1130 (60.6%) |
| 60-89.9 | 5271 (38.9%) | 787 (40.6%) | 803 (41.0%) | 773 (41.1%) | 738 (38.2%) | 724 (37.4%) | 742 (37.7%) | 704 (36.1%) |
| 30-59.9 | 1062 (6.0%) | 262 (11.1%) | 206 (8.3%) | 149 (5.5%) | 121 (4.6%) | 123 (5.3%) | 99 (3.8%) | 102 (3.3%) |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Never | 6988 (51.7%) | 863 (44.5%) | 927 (50.0%) | 954 (50.7%) | 996 (50.1%) | 1022 (52.6%) | 1097 (55.3%) | 1129 (59.0%) |
| Former | 3919 (29.8%) | 609 (33.0%) | 617 (30.9%) | 577 (29.6%) | 574 (30.9%) | 549 (30.3%) | 515 (28.3%) | 478 (25.1%) |
| Current | 2668 (18.5%) | 463 (22.5%) | 399 (19.1%) | 407 (19.6%) | 374 (19.0%) | 367 (17.1%) | 329 (16.4%) | 329 (16.0%) |
| Diabetes | 2530 (14.0%) | 432 (17.0%) | 341 (12.8%) | 323 (14.1%) | 349 (13.4%) | 342 (12.9%) | 347 (13.2%) | 396 (14.8%) |
| Hypertension | 6250 (41.4%) | 992 (46.3%) | 949 (42.4%) | 842 (39.6%) | 858 (40.7%) | 847 (12.9%) | 897 (42.1%) | 865 (39.9%) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1403 (8.6%) | 268 (11.2%) | 219 (8.7%) | 199 (8.6%) | 201 (8.0%) | 189 (8.8%) | 165 (7.4%) | 162 (7.2%) |
| Previous stroke | 592 (3.2%) | 101 (3.3%) | 107 (5.1%) | 89 (3.2%) | 80 (2.8%) | 72 (2.9%) | 71 (2.7%) | 72 (2.4%) |
| HCV infection | 338 (2.1%) | 38 (1.6%) | 34 (1.2%) | 35 (1.7%) | 37 (1.8%) | 47 (1.9%) | 57 (2.8%) | 90 (4.0%) |
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI, body mass index; HCV, hepatitis C virus.