FIG. 3.

Plots show how the ME power coefficient $(p_{ME})$ depends on several experimentally controlled variables based on our theoretical model. Panels (a)–(d) show $p_{ME}$ as a function of load resistance for varying (a) k, (b) $Q_M$, (c) $t_{total}$, and (d) $\eta$. Increasing k from 0.2 to 1.0, $Q_M$ from 10 to 90, and $t_{total}$ from 0.1 to 0.3 mm, and $\eta$ from 0.1 to 0.9 increases the optimal load $(R_L^{opt})$. Panel (e)–(h) shows the maximum ME power coefficient $(p_{ME,max})$, which can be calculated from Eq. (6), as a function of (e) k, (f) $Q_M$, (g) $t_{total}$, and (h) $\eta$. $p_{ME,max}$ is linearly related to $Q_M$ and $t_{total}$ and non-linearly related to k and $\eta$. $p_{ME,max}$ increases with increasing $Q_M$, $t_{total}$, and k and is maximized at an optimal $\eta$.