Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies regarding serum lipid levels in inflammatory bowel disease.
| Reference | Region | Study design | Type of publication | Enrollment period | Type of patients | Number of patients | Age, year (Mean ± SD) | TC, mmol/L (Mean ± SD) | HDL-c, mmol/L (Mean ± SD) | LDL-c, mmol/L (Mean ± SD) | TG, mmol/L (Mean ± SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleutjes Am et al. (28) | Netherlands | Cross-sectional | Abstract | NA | IBD vs. HC | 217/829 | NA | 4.3 ± 16.2 vs. 5.4 ± 31.7 | 1.2 ± 7.4 vs. 1.2 ± 11.5 | 2.6 ± 16.2 vs. 3.8 ± 28.8 | 2.7 ± 11.8 vs. 3.63 ± 23.0 |
| Lu et al. (14) | China | Cross-sectional | Full text | 2014.03–2020.08 | CD vs. HC | 862/576 | 33 ± 13 vs. 34 ± 11 | 3.71 ± 0.86 vs. 5.04 ± 0.94 | 0.94 ± 0.27 vs. 1.31 ± 0.33 | 1.85 ± 0.59 vs. 2.92 ± 0.81 | 1.10 ± 0.40 vs. 1.64 ± 1.02 |
| Hernández-Camba et al. (17) | Spain | Cross-sectional | Full text | NA | IBD vs. HC | 197/208 | 50 ± 15 vs. 49 ± 10 | 5.25 ± 1.27 vs. 5.12 ± 1.16 | 1.47 ± 0.47 vs. 1.32 ± 0.36 | 3.00 ± 1.03 vs. 3.05 ± 0.96 | 1.31 ± 0.45 vs. 1.63 ± 0.79 |
| Wang et al. (13) | China | Cross-sectional | Full text | 2014.1–2018.11 | IBD vs. HC | 539/165 | 40 ± 16 vs. 50 ± 11 | 3.87 ± 1.01 vs. 4.90 ± 0.90 | 1.03 ± 0.99 vs. 1.18 ± 0.31 | 2.41 ± 0.70 vs. 3.14 ± 0.65 | 1.09 ± 0.42 vs. 1.62 ± 0.91 |
| CD vs. UC | 307/232 | 34 ± 13 vs. 48 ± 16 | 3.70 ± 0.90 vs. 4.10 ± 1.10 | 1.00 ± 0.26 vs. 1.08 ± 0.32 | 2.29 ± 0.64 vs. 2.58 ± 0.74 | 1.04 ± 0.41 vs. 1.15 ± 0.43 | |||||
| Li et al. (25) | China | Cross-sectional | Full text | 2018.06–2019.04 | Mild active UC vs. Non-mild active UC | 22/24 | 43 ± 3 vs. 46 ± 3 | 3.97 ± 0.82 vs. 3.63 ± 0.76 | NA | 2.59 ± 0.83 vs. 2.33 ± 0.73 | NA |
| Carrillo-Palau et al. (29) | Spain | Cross-sectional | Full text | NA | IBD vs. HC | 151/174 | 48 ± 10 vs. 50 ± 16 | 5.07 ± 1.14 vs. 5.28 ± 1.09 | 1.42 ± 0.41 vs. 1.40 ± 0.39 | 2.92 ± 0.96 vs. 3.15 ± 0.88 | 1.59 ± 0.90 vs. 1.56 ± 0.82 |
| Vrdoljak et al. (30) | Croatia | Cross-sectional | Full text | 2017.12–2019.04 | CD vs. UC | 50/44 | 38 ± 13 vs. 44 ± 14 | 4.3 ± 1.26 vs. 5.4 ± 1.43 | 1.28 ± 0.4 vs. 1.5 ± 0.48 | 2.35 ± 0.89 vs. 3.38 ± 1.27 | 1.48 ± 1.36 vs. 1.12 ± 0.66 |
| Brnić et al. (31) | Croatia | Cross-sectional | Full text | 2017.12.01–2018.06.01 | IBD vs. HC | 55/50 | 39 ± 14 vs. 37 ± 13 | 5.02 ± 1.52 vs. 5.25 ± 1.19 | 1.37 ± 0.43 vs. 1.41 ± 0.32 | 2.98 ± 1.20 vs. 3.25 ± 1.10 | 1.33 ± 1.26 vs. 1.24 ± 0.60 |
| Dragasevic et al. (32) | Serbia | Cross-sectional | Full text | NA | IBD vs. HC | 104/45 | 40 ± 16 vs. 43 ± 18 | 4.37 ± 1.17 vs. 4.97 ± 1.00 | 1.06 ± 0.74 vs. 1.70 ± 0.67 | 2.16 ± 0.74 vs. 2.72 ± 0.87 | 1.43 ± 1.06 vs. 1.10 ± 0.59 |
| CD vs. UC | 50/54 | 38 ± 13 vs. 44 ± 14 | 4.34 ± 1.09 vs. 4.39 ± 1.25 | 1.02 ± 0.68 vs. 1.11 ± 0.79 | 1.97 ± 0.74 vs. 2.33 ± 0.71 | 1.44 ± 0.95 vs. 1.43 ± 1.16 | |||||
| Sahin et al. (33) | Turkey | Cross-sectional | Full text | 2016.01–2016.09 | UC vs. HC | 66/24 | 40 ± 12 vs. 46 ± 18 | NA | 1.26 ± 0.39 vs. 1.28 ± 0.35 | 2.55 ± 1.04 vs. 2.95 ± 1.31 | NA |
| Qiao et al. (34) | China | Cross-sectional | Full text | 2015.01–2015.12 | CD vs. UC | 129/69 | 35 ± 11 vs. 44 ± 15 | 3.36 ± 0.79 vs. 3.82 ± 1.26 | NA | NA | 1.07 ± 0.54 vs. 1.10 ± 0.86 |
| Mańkowska-Wierzbicka et al. (18) | Poland | Cohort | Full text | NA | CD vs. UC | 34/31 | NA | 3.35 ± 1.02 vs. 3.47 ± 1.27 | 0.96 ± 0.45 vs. 1.04 ± 0.37 | 1.70 ± 0.77 vs. 1.04 ± 0.37 | 1.18 ± 0.45 vs. 1.08 ± 0.39 |
| Active CD vs. Active UC | 22/19 | 3.34 ± 1.03 vs. 3.39 ± 1.33 | 0.96 ± 0.42 vs. 1.05 ± 0.40 | 1.71 ± 0.80 vs. 1.88 ± 0.87 | 1.18 ± 0.44 vs. 1.21 ± 0.41 | ||||||
| Iwakawa et al. (35) | Japan | Cross-sectional | Full text | 2010.08–2010.10 | Active UC vs. Inactive UC | 6/17 | 45 ± 16 vs. 42 ± 15 | 4.86 ± 1.27 vs. 5.04 ± 0.65 | NA | NA | NA |
| Kang et al. (36) | Korea | Cohort | Full text | 2010.01–2014.11 | IBD vs. HC | 8070/40350 | 45 ± 13 vs. 45 ± 13 | 4.72 ± 0.92 vs. 4.96 ± 0.92 | NA | NA | NA |
| Aarestrup et al. (37) | Denmark | Cohort | Full text | NA | IBD vs. HC | 1203/107586 | 57 ± 3 vs. 58 ± 3 | 5.71 ± 1.14 vs. 5.81 ± 1.14 | 1.60 ± 0.59 vs. 1.57 ± 0.50 | 3.20 ± 0.98 vs. 3.30 ± 0.89 | 1.50 ± 0.80 vs. 1.68 ± 1.02 |
| Trejo-Vazquez et al. (38) | Mexico | Case-control | Full text | 2016.07–2016.10 | IBD vs. HC | 34/19 | 55 ± 15 vs. 53 ± 10 | 4.68 ± 0.74 vs. 4.95 ± 1.07 | 1.17 ± 0.32 vs. 1.18 ± 0.32 | 2.86 ± 0.71 vs. 3.19 ± 0.85 | 1.49 ± 0.58 vs. 1.36 ± 0.43 |
| Szczeklik et al. (39) | Poland | Case-control | Full text | NA | CD vs. HC | 58/25 | 36 ± 13 vs. 34 ± 10 | 4.35 ± 0.66 vs. 4.73 ± 0.39 | 0.87 ± 0.25 vs. 1.14 ± 0.14 | 2.38 ± 0.49 vs. 2.95 ± 0.38 | 1.85 ± 0.31 vs. 2.76 ± 0.27 |
| Schulte et al. (15) | Germany | Case-control | Full text | NA | IBD vs. HC | 35/35 | 39 ± 25 vs. 39 ± 24 | 4.75 ± 0.81 vs. 5.13 ± 1.05 | 1.38 ± 0.49 vs. 1.49 ± 0.35 | 2.69 ± 0.61 vs. 3.02 ± 0.92 | 1.53 ± 0.62 vs. 1.11 ± 0.63 |
| Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk et al. (40) | Poland | Cross-sectional | Full text | Two years | CD vs. UC | 35/36 | 16 ± 2 vs. 14 ± 4 | 3.30 ± 0.60 vs. 3.60 ± 0.84 | NA | 1.74 ± 0.81 vs. 1.84 ± 0.70 | 1.74 ± 0.82 vs. 0.97 ± 0.43 |
| Trzeciak-Jędrzejczyk et al. (41) | Poland | Case-control | Full text | NA | IBD vs. HC | 40/11 | NA | 3.16 ± 0.53 vs. 3.82 ± 0.79 | 1.10 ± 0.46 vs. 1.55 ± 0.57 | 1.70 ± 0.44 vs. 1.83 ± 0.46 | 0.94 ± 0.41 vs. 1.12 ± 0.29 |
| CD vs. UC | 25/15 | NA | 3.22 ± 0.51 vs. 2.90 ± 0.52 | 1.17 ± 0.46 vs. 0.99 ± 0.46 | 1.82 ± 0.35 vs. 1.50 ± 0.51 | 0.85 ± 0.22 vs. 1.10 ± 0.59 | |||||
| Cappello et al. (42) | Italy | Case-control | Full text | 2012.09–2013.12 | IBD vs. HC | 68/38 | 44 ± 13 vs. 41 ± 11 | 4.14 ± 0.85 vs. 4.57 ± 0.92 | 1.35 ± 0.40 vs. 1.47 ± 0.47 | 2.33 ± 0.70 vs. 2.67 ± 0.87 | 1.06 ± 0.45 vs. 0.92 ± 0.51 |
| Üstün et al. (43) | Turkey | Case-control | Full text | 2007.03–2009.10 | IBD vs. HC | 96/65 | 44 ± 13 vs. 41 ± 11 | 4.79 ± 1.26 vs. 4.90 ± 1.00 | NA | 2.72 ± 0.93 vs. 2.84 ± 0.71 | 1.51 ± 0.81 vs. 1.49 ± 0.78 |
| Qin et al. (19) | China | Case-control | Full text | 2013.11–2015.07 | CD vs. HC | 100/100 | 33 ± 13 vs. 35 ± 10 | 3.56 ± 0.91 vs. 4.65 ± 0.72 | 0.96 ± 0.23 vs. 1.49 ± 0.32 | 1.99 ± 0.66 vs. 2.80 ± 0.57 | 1.11 ± 0.44 vs. 1.32 ± 0.53 |
| Active CD vs. Inactive CD | 62/38 | 33 ± 12 vs. 33 ± 14 | 3.40 ± 0.78 vs. 3.83 ± 1.05 | 0.93 ± 0.22 vs. 1.01 ± 0.23 | 1.87 ± 0.54 vs. 2.19 ± 0.78 | 1.06 ± 0.35 vs. 1.21 ± 0.55 | |||||
| Pac-Kożuchowska et al. (44) | Poland | Case-control | Full text | NA | IBD vs. HC | 30/20 | 13 ± 3 vs. 13 ± 4 | 3.40 ± 0.66 vs. 3.20 ± 0.73 | 1.17 ± 0.35 vs. 1.06 ± 0.24 | 1.99 ± 0.53 vs. 1.96 ± 0.62 | 0.97 ± 0.37 vs. 0.81 ± 0.30 |
| Koutroumpakis et al. (45) | USA | Cohort | Full text | 2009.1–2014.10 | CD vs. UC | 380/321 | 33 ± 18 vs. 35 ± 18 | 4.40 ± 0.90 vs. 4.70 ± 0.98 | 1.31 ± 0.43 vs. 1.36 ± 0.41 | 2.34 ± 0.88 vs. 2.76 ± 0.82 | 1.64 ± 0.99 vs. 1.38 ± 0.88 |
| De Fatima and Bodanese (23) | Brazil | Cross-sectional | Full text | 2014.10–2015.11 | Active CD vs. Active UC | 64/58 | 42 ± 13 vs. 42 ± 12 | 4.39 ± 1.03 vs. 4.77 ± 1.10 | 1.38 ± 0.35 vs. 1.45 ± 0.42 | 2.36 ± 0.86 vs. 2.84 ± 0.93 | 1.46 ± 0.99 vs. 1.26 ± 0.59 |
| Aguilar-Tablada et al. (46) | Spain | Case-control | Full text | NA | CD vs. UC | 53/53 | NA | 5.02 ± 1.21 vs. 4.23 ± 0.99 | NA | NA | NA |
| Wada et al. (47) | Japan | Cross-sectional | Full text | 2009–2010 | CD vs. UC | 156/232 | 36 ± 8 vs. 36 ± 8 | 4.11 ± 0.99 vs. 4.88 ± 0.88 | NA | NA | NA |
| Aytac et al. (20) | Turkey | Case-control | Full text | NA | Inactive IBD vs. HC | 55/25 | 42 ± 11 vs. 42 ± 7 | 4.32 ± 0.80 vs. 4.37 ± 0.46 | 1.19 ± 0.25 vs. 1.18 ± 0.24 | 2.68 ± 0.70 vs. 2.50 ± 0.46 | 0.96 ± 0.36 vs. 1.53 ± 0.48 |
| Inactive CD vs. Inactive UC | 25/30 | 45 ± 12 vs. 39 ± 10 | 4.00 ± 0.87 vs. 4.58 ± 0.64 | 1.14 ± 0.31 vs. 1.23 ± 0.17 | 2.59 ± 0.77 vs. 2.76 ± 0.64 | 1.01 ± 0.28 vs. 0.91 ± 0.41 | |||||
| Theocharidou et al. (48) | Greece | Case-control | Full text | NA | IBD vs. HC | 44/44 | 36 ± 10 vs. 37 ± 11 | 4.49 ± 1.21 vs. 5.20 ± 0.94 | 1.26 ± 0.39 vs. 1.31 ± 0.35 | 2.75 ± 0.94 vs. 3.35 ± 0.82 | 0.99 ± 0.37 vs. 1.11 ± 0.56 |
| Fan et al. (49) | Australia | Case-control | Full text | NA | IBD vs. HC | 42/73 | 50 ± 10 vs. 51 ± 10 | 5.23 ± 1.20 vs. 5.45 ± 0.86 | 1.46 ± 0.45 vs. 1.50 ± 0.33 | 3.19 ± 1.15 vs. 3.45 ± 0.81 | 1.34 ± 1.06 vs. 1.11 ± 0.65 |
| Principi et al. (50) | Italy | Case-control | Full text | 2011.05–2011.10 | IBD vs. HC | 49/40 | 41 ± 16 vs. 45 ± 15 | 4.29 ± 0.52 vs. 4.42 ± 0.85 | 1.21 ± 0.18 vs. 1.26 ± 0.31 | 2.48 ± 0.49 vs. 2.59 ± 0.85 | 1.31 ± 0.15 vs. 1.26 ± 0.65 |
| CD vs. UC | 26/23 | 36 ± 17 vs. 45 ± 14 | 4.27 ± 0.57 vs. 4.34 ± 0.47 | 1.21 ± 0.21 vs. 1.24 ± 0.18 | 2.46 ± 0.49 vs. 2.48 ± 0.49 | 1.30 ± 0.12 vs. 1.31 ± 0.16 | |||||
| Liu et al. (26) | China | Cross-sectional | Full text | 2006.01–2012.11 | Active UC vs. HC | 97/100 | 56 ± 15 vs. 59 ± 13 | 4.20 ± 0.95 vs. 4.60 ± 1.10 | 1.13 ± 0.33 vs. 1.29 ± 0.33 | 2.61 ± 0.82 vs. 2.64 ± 0.78 | 1.44 ± 1.00 vs. 1.43 ± 1.01 |
| Mild active UC vs. Non-mild active UC | 41/56 | NA | 4.51 ± 0.88 vs. 3.97 ± 0.95 | 1.23 ± 0.29 vs. 1.05 ± 0.33 | 2.84 ± 0.80 vs. 2.45 ± 0.80 | 1.43 ± 1.04 vs. 1.44 ± 0.98 | |||||
| Akdoğan et al. (51) | Turkey | Cross-sectional | Full text | NA | UC vs. HC | 37/30 | 48 ± 15 vs. 45 ± 8 | 5.07 ± 0.98 vs. 5.12 ± 1.19 | 1.16 ± 0.28 vs. 1.16 ± 0.23 | 3.49 ± 1.01 vs. 3.26 ± 0.93 | 1.52 ± 0.75 vs. 1.52 ± 0.94 |
| Yorulmaz et al. (52) | Turkey | Cross-sectional | Full text | NA | CD vs. UC | 62/115 | 37 ± 14 vs. 44 ± 14 | NA | 1.37 ± 0.40 vs. 1.40 ± 0.39 | NA | 1.37 ± 0.72 vs. 1.37 ± 0.65 |
| Kuwabara et al. (53) | Japan | Cross-sectional | Full text | NA | CD vs. UC | 33/31 | 36 ± 7 vs. 42 ± 17 | 3.28 ± 0.65 vs. 4.58 ± 1.04 | NA | NA | NA |
| Sappati Biyyani et al. (54) | USA | Cross-sectional | Full text | 2000.01–2007.12 | CD vs. UC | 190/204 | 49 ± 13 vs. 49 ± 14 | 4.52 ± 1.04 vs. 4.79 ± 1.04 | 1.25 ± 0.35 vs. 1.27 ± 0.36 | 2.93 ± 0.89 vs. 3.06 ± 0.84 | 1.31 ± 0.77 vs. 1.40 ± 1.06 |
| Mijac et al. (55) | Serbia | Cross-sectional | Full text | NA | IBD vs. HC | 76/30 | 41 ± 15 vs. 45 ± 18 | 3.80 ± 1.17 vs. 4.85 ± 0.82 | NA | NA | 1.54 ± 1.71 vs. 2.11 ± 0.87 |
| CD vs. UC | 23/53 | 39 ± 15 vs. 42 ± 15 | 3.54 ± 0.96 vs. 3.90 ± 1.24 | NA | NA | 1.92 ± 2.82 vs. 1.40 ± 1.05 | |||||
| Romanato et al. (56) | Italy | Cross-sectional | Full text | 2004.12–2006.03 | IBD vs. HC | 94/94 | NA | 4.20 ± 1.09 vs. 5.35 ± 0.63 | 1.30 ± 0.44 vs. 1.40 ± 0.25 | 2.37 ± 0.98 vs. 3.34 ± 0.57 | 1.18 ± 0.53 vs. 1.33 ± 0.33 |
| CD vs. UC | 60/34 | 45 ± 23 vs. 50 ± 13 | 4.16 ± 1.15 vs. 4.27 ± 1.00 | 1.32 ± 0.45 vs. 1.26 ± 0.48 | 2.35 ± 1.00 vs. 2.40 ± 0.96 | 1.11 ± 0.43 vs. 1.29 ± 0.66 | |||||
| Hrabovský et al. (21) | Czech Republic | Case-control | Full text | NA | Active CD vs. HC | 24/100 | NA | 3.16 ± 1.16 vs. 4.90 ± 0.98 | NA | NA | NA |
| Scarpa et al. (57) | Italy | Case-control | Full text | 2004.12–2006.03 | UC vs. HC | 15/15 | 50 ± 29 vs. 50 ± 28 | 4.19 ± 1.29 vs. 5.56 ± 1.05 | 1.09 ± 0.40 vs. 1.46 ± 0.42 | 2.47 ± 1.15 vs. 3.51 ± 0.98 | 1.18 ± 0.40 vs. 1.32 ± 0.83 |
| Van Leuven et al. (24) | Netherlands | Case-control | Full text | NA | CD vs. HC | 60/122 | 42 ± 12 vs. 41 ± 16 | 4.54 ± 1.12 vs. 5.04 ± 0.99 | 1.53 ± 0.48 vs. 1.47 ± 0.53 | 2.59 ± 0.96 vs. 2.99 ± 0.81 | 0.92 ± 0.62 vs. 1.34 ± 1.25 |
| Active CD vs. Inactive CD | 12/48 | 34 ± 9 vs. 44 ± 13 | 3.79 ± 0.89 vs. 4.73 ± 1.11 | 1.01 ± 0.30 vs. 1.66 ± 0.43 | 2.46 ± 0.91 vs. 2.62 ± 0.97 | 0.70 ± 0.88 vs. 0.98 ± 0.54 | |||||
| Figler et al. (58) | Hungary | Cross-sectional | Full text | NA | IBD vs. HC | 51/24 | 40 ± 12 vs. 32 ± 9 | 5.16 ± 1.15 vs. 5.61 ± 0.94 | 1.58 ± 0.39 vs. 1.58 ± 0.39 | NA | NA |
| Inactive CD vs. Inactive UC | 21/30 | 38 ± 11 vs. 41 ± 12 | 4.75 ± 0.95 vs. 5.48 ± 1.20 | 1.60 ± 0.45 vs. 1.57 ± 0.35 | NA | NA | |||||
| Yılmaz et al. (59) | Turkey | Case-control | Full text | NA | IBD vs. HC | 33/27 | 34 ± 15 vs. 34 ± 11 | 4.55 ± 0.65 vs. 4.32 ± 0.77 | 1.09 ± 0.22 vs. 1.22 ± 0.21 | 2.61 ± 0.66 vs. 2.56 ± 0.73 | 1.50 ± 0.57 vs. 1.43 ± 0.95 |
| Ripollés Piquer et al. (16) | France | Case-control | Full text | NA | IBD vs. HC | 21/28 | 29 ± 9 vs. 31 ± 9 | 4.26 ± 1.21 vs. 5.25 ± 1.06 | 1.28 ± 0.28 vs. 1.78 ± 0.47 | 2.42 ± 1.04 vs. 3.10 ± 0.88 | 1.21 ± 0.54 vs. 0.45 ± 0.46 |
| Active IBD vs. Inactive IBD | 15/6 | 28 ± 9 vs. 33 ± 11 | 4.19 ± 1.32 vs. 4.42 ± 0.96 | 1.24 ± 0.23 vs. 1.38 ± 0.38 | 2.40 ± 1.18 vs. 2.48 ± 0.65 | 1.21 ± 0.60 vs. 1.22 ± 0.40 | |||||
| Tajika et al. (60) | Japan | Cross-sectional | Full text | 2001.12–2002.1 | IBD vs. HC | 44/15 | 40 ± 10 vs. 38 ± 10 | 4.20 ± 1.26 vs. 5.28 ± 0.83 | NA | NA | NA |
| CD vs. UC | 33/11 | 38 ± 8 vs. 48 ± 12 | 3.80 ± 1.11 vs. 5.42 ± 0.87 | NA | NA | NA | |||||
| Koutroubakis et al. (61) | Greece | Case-control | Full text | NA | IBD vs. HC | 129/66 | NA | 5.15 ± 1.59 vs. 6.11 ± 1.37 | 1.26 ± 0.40 vs. 1.23 ± 0.32 | 3.32 ± 1.33 vs. 4.11 ± 1.12 | 1.31 ± 0.70 vs. 1.42 ± 0.91 |
| CD vs. UC | 66/63 | NA | 5.57 ± 1.52 vs. 4.71 ± 1.57 | 1.30 ± 0.40 vs. 1.22 ± 0.40 | 3.75 ± 1.19 vs. 2.87 ± 1.33 | 1.25 ± 0.54 vs. 1.38 ± 0.83 | |||||
| Levy et al. (22) | Canada | Case-control | Full text | NA | Active CD vs. Inactive CD | 13/8 | NA | 3.23 ± 0.83 vs. 3.39 ± 0.62 | 0.93 ± 0.43 vs. 1.04 ± 0.23 | 1.83 ± 0.61 vs. 1.84 ± 0.59 | 1.04 ± 0.36 vs. 1.13 ± 0.28 |
| Hudson et al. (62) | England | Case-control | Full text | NA | IBD vs. HC | 110/85 | 44 ± 18 vs. 42 ± 16 | NA | NA | NA | 1.19 ± 0.59 vs. 1.19 ± 0.85 |
| CD vs. UC | 75/35 | 44 ± 18 vs. 44 ± 18 | NA | NA | NA | 1.08 ± 0.48 vs. 1.41 ± 0.74 | |||||
| Hakala et al. (63) | Finland | Case-control | Full text | NA | CD vs. UC | 29/50 | 31 ± 3 vs. 35 ± 3 | 3.84 ± 0.38 vs. 4.46 ± 0.30 | 1.23 ± 0.23 vs. 1.10 ± 0.10 | NA | 1.07 ± 0.14 vs. 1.23 ± 0.21 |
| Regöly-Mérei et al. (64) | Hungary | Case-control | Full text | NA | UC vs. HC | 11/20 | NA | 4.89 ± 1.39 vs. 4.06 ± 0.93 | NA | NA | 1.64 ± 0.80 vs. 0.93 ± 0.51 |
| Rutgeerts et al. (65) | Belgium | Case-control | Full text | NA | CD vs. HC | 56/21 | 29 ± 7 vs. 29 ± 11 | 6.00 ± 0.98 vs. 4.46 ± 1.33 | NA | NA | 1.08 ± 0.27 vs. 1.09 ± 0.29 |
| Johansson et al. (66) | Sweden | Case-control | Full text | NA | CD vs. HC | 37/117 | NA | 4.33 ± 0.96 vs. 6.55 ± 1.31 | NA | NA | 1.43 ± 0.58 vs. 1.41 ± 0.55 |
TC, total cholesterol; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; CD, Crohn’s disease; UC, ulcerative colitis; HC, healthy controls; NA, not available.