Table 1.

FSMM parameters used to generate the artificial datasets. Furthermore, the MS2 sequence and elongation rate parameters were n_seq = 1292 bp (24×MS2), n_post = 4526 bp, V_pol = 45 bp × s⁻¹ for D1–5 and D7–9,n_seq = 5800 bp (128×MS2), n_post = 8300 bp, V_pol = 67 bp × s⁻¹ for D6 and D10–14. D1–5 and D7–9 parameters come from the study of Drosophila promoters in (20). D12–14 is based on estimates of HIV-1 transcription bursting in human cells studied in (19). D6 and D10–11 come from estimates of bursting from wild-type and mutated EEF1A promoters inserted in human cell lines

Dataset/Ref.	Parameters
2 states	k +[s−1]		k −[s−1]		k ini [s−1]
D1 (20)	0.02036		0.00150		0.11432
D2 (20)	0.01117		0.00593		0.07637
D3 (20)	0.01189		0.01430		0.07745
D4 (20)	0.02439		0.00144		0.13397
D5 (20)	0.04169		0.00414		0.11277
D6	0.00484		0.00025		0.113
3 states M2					k ini [s−1]
D7 (20)	0.01426	0.00339	0.06553	0.05751	0.17102
D8 (20)	0.00661	0.00013	0.05772	0.01054	0.13201
D9 (20)	0.00332	5.3 × 10−5	0.05804	0.00586	0.13119
D10	0.0001	2.3 × 10−5	0.00091	0.00024	0.019
D11	0.00023	3.2 × 10−5	0.0011	0.00019	0.018
D12 (19)	0.0015	4.9 × 10−5	0.01	0.0043	0.17
D13 (19)	0.00015	0.00031	0.0012	0.0028	0.1
D14 (19)	6 × 10−5	0.00035	0.00089	0.003	0.063