Table 5.
Citation formatting errors in the real (non-fabricated) and fabricated works.
| GPT-3.5 | GPT-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of cited works | 222 | 414 |
| Percentage with 1 or more citation formatting errors | 45% | 40% |
| Percentage with improper title capitalization | 44% | 39% |
| Percentage with unnecessary quotation marks | 8% | 0% |
| Percentage with author first name(s) rather than initials | 4% | 0% |
| Percentage with incorrect version of author name(s) | 1% | 0% |
| Percentage of articles and chapters lacking page numbers | 1% | 2% |
| Percentage of books, chapters, and websites lacking publisher/organization name | 2% | 1% |
Except as indicated, these values refer to all works. There is no meaningful variation among the publication types (articles, books, chapters, and websites) or between fabricated and non-fabricated works.