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. 2023 Sep 7;7:84. doi: 10.1038/s41698-023-00439-z

Table 2.

Description of characteristics for controlled studies and uncontrolled studies.

Variable Controlled studies Uncontrolled studies P-valueb,c
Overall N = 1212a (col %) Analytical variable, N = 58a Recruitment only N = 785a No mention N = 369a P-valueb Overall, N = 204 (col %) Analytical variable N = 20a Recruitment only N = 43a No mention N = 141a P-valueb
Study type (n%) - 0.01 -
Interventional 1212 58 (4.8) 785 (65) 369 (30) 52 (25) 4 (7.7) 19 (37) 29 (56)
Observational/Patient Registry 152 (75) 16 (11) 24 (16) 112 (74)
Overall status (n%) 0.02 0.9 0.07
Active, not recruiting 149 (12) 9 (6) 107 (72) 33 (22) 21 (10) 2 (9.5) 5 (24) 14 (67)
Completed 481 (40) 19 (4) 291 (60) 171 (36) 81 (40) 9 (11) 16 (20) 56 (69)
Not yet recruiting 95 (8) 4 (4.2) 66 (69) 25 (26) 9 (4) 1 (11) 2 (22) 6 (67)
Recruiting/Enrolling by invitation 318 (26) 15 (4.7) 221 (69) 82 (26) 51 (25) 4 (7.8) 13 (25) 34 (67)
Unknown status/Suspended 169 (14) 11 (6.5) 100 (59) 58 (34) 42 (21) 4 (9.5) 7 (17) 31 (74)
Enrolment (n%) 0.009 0.03 <0.001
≤100d 879 (73) 32 (3.6) 573 (65) 274 (31) 116 (56) 12 (10) 32 (27) 72 (63)
>100 333 (27) 26 (7.8) 212 (64) 95 (29) 88 (43) 8 (9.1) 11 (12) 69 (78)
HPV mention (n%) 222 (18) 13 (5.9) 160 (72) 49 (22) 0.01 43 (21) 3 (7.0) 8 (19) 32 (74) 0.7 0.40
Phase (n%) <0.001 0.05 <0.001
Early Phase 1/Phase1 159 (13) 6 (3.8) 125 (79) 28 (18) 4 (2) 0 (0) 3 (75) 1 (25)
Phase 1/Phase 2 85 (7) 4 (4.7) 61 (72) 20 (24) 2 (1) 0 (0) 1 (50) 1 (50)
Phase 2/Phase 3 717 (59) 33 (4.6) 500 (70) 184 (26) 15 (7) 0 (0) 9 (60) 6 (40)
Phase 4 16 (1) 0 (0) 12 (75) 4 (25)
Not Applicabled 235 (19) 15 (6.4) 87 (37) 133 (57) 183 (90) 20 (11) 30 (16) 133 (73)

The arms’ description was investigated within the dataset design groups. If at least one arm was defined as “Experimental”, “Active Comparator”, “Placebo Comparator”, “Sham Comparator” the study was classified as controlled, otherwise it was classified as uncontrolled (“No intervention”, “Other”).

an (%).

bPearson’s Chi-squared test or Fisher’s test.

cP-value from a Pearson’s Chi-squared test or Fisher’s test for controlled versus uncontrolled studies.

dmissing values included.