Waiting time to reimbursement for novel cancer medicine indications by clinical benefit status. Notes: The figure shows median (black line inside the green box), mean (circle with cross), interquartile range (IQR; green box) and minimum and maximum values based on the 1.5 IQR (whiskers) number of months from EMA MA to NRA separated into indications with a nonsubstantial benefit (i.e. ESMO-MCBS scores 1-3 or C) and with a substantial benefit (i.e. ESMO-MCBS scores 4, 5, A, or B). A P value of <0.05 indicates a significant difference in waiting time to reimbursement between groups as determined by a Mann–Whitney U test. EMA, European Medicines Agency; ESMO-MCBS, European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale; MA, marketing authorization; NRA, national reimbursement approval.