TABLE 1.

Characteristics of included studies.

Authors	Year	Study design	Operative type	Reported outcomes	Definition of POUR	Interventions (I/C)
Petersen et al.	1991	RCT	TJA	POUR, complication	Inability to void with symptoms	Prazosin 2 mg every 12 h preoperatively and postoperatively throughout hospitalization/No treatment
Basheer et al.	2017	RCT	Spine surgery	POUR	PVR >250 mL	Two doses: Tamsulosin 0.4 mg; 48 h prior to surgery and the night before surgery/Placebo
Schubert et al.	2019	RCT	TJA	POUR, complication	PVR >200 mL; or urine volume retention >200 mL with inability to void within 6 h after indwelling urinary catheter removal; or urine volume retention <200 mL with symptoms and inability to void	Daily dose: Tamsulosin 0.4 mg; 5 days prior to surgery, the morning of surgery, and on the first postoperative day/Placebo
Schubert et al.	2020	Retrospective cohort study	TJA	POUR, complication	Records of intermittent straight catheterization	Tamsulosin, terazosin, doxazosin, alfuzosin, silodosin and prazosin/No treatment
Choi et al.	2021	RCT	TJA	POUR	PVR >400 mL	Daily doses: Tamsulosin 0.2 mg; 3 days after surgery/Placebo
Rughani et al.	2022	RCT	Spine surgery	POUR, complication	Urine volume retention >300 mL	Daily dose: Tamsulosin 0.4 mg; 5 days prior to surgery and 2 days after surgery/Placebo
Ding et al.	2023	RCT`	TJA	POUR, complication	Inability to void with symptoms	Doxazosin 4 mg once 2 h prior to surgery/Placebo

POUR, postoperative urinary retention; I/C, Intervention group/Control group; RCT, randomized control trial; TJA, total joint arthroplasty; PVR, post-void residual volume.