Table 1.
Characteristics of participants.
| Characteristics | Preoperation (n=1980) | Within 1 year (n=653) | Between 1 and 2 years | Between 2 and 3 years (n=921) | Between 3 and 4 years (n=682) | Between 4 and 5 years (n=764) | P value | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 50.54 (8.74) | 49.12 (9.10) | 49.78 (8.62) | 50.96 (8.68) | 50.29 (8.39) | 52.37 (8) | <.001 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | .001 | ||||||||
|
|
Underweight (<18.5) | 110 (5.6) | 34 (5) | 56 (4) | 45 (5) | 25 (4) | 36 (5) |
|
|
|
|
Normal (18.5-23) | 985 (49.7) | 352 (53.9) | 675 (53.4) | 506 (54.9) | 392 (57.5) | 416 (54.5) |
|
|
|
|
Overweight (23-25) | 385 (19.4) | 137 (21) | 281 (22.2) | 202 (21.9) | 134 (19.6) | 156 (20.4) |
|
|
|
|
Obese (≥25) | 500 (25.3) | 130 (19.9) | 253 (20) | 168 (18.2) | 131 (19.2) | 156 (20.4) |
|
|
| Education, n (%) | <.001 | ||||||||
|
|
Middle school or lower | 103 (5.2) | 58 (8.9) | 88 (7) | 68 (7.4) | 65 (9.5) | 82 (10.7) |
|
|
|
|
High school | 324 (16.4) | 217 (33.2) | 445 (35.2) | 315 (34.2) | 223 (32.7) | 271 (35.5) |
|
|
|
|
University graduates or higher | 1553 (78.4) | 378 (57.9) | 732 (57.9) | 538 (58.4) | 394 (57.8) | 411 (53.8) |
|
|
| Working status at survey, n (%) | <.001 | ||||||||
|
|
Working | 868 (43.8) | 371 (56.8) | 713 (56.4) | 524 (56.9) | 366 (53.7) | 417 (54.6) |
|
|
|
|
Not working | 1112 (56.2) | 282 (43.2) | 552 (43.6) | 397 (43.1) | 316 (46.3) | 347 (45.4) |
|
|
| Marital status at survey, n (%) | .70 | ||||||||
|
|
Single | 185 (9.3) | 61 (9.3) | 101 (8) | 68 (7.4) | 67 (9.8) | 55 (7.2) |
|
|
|
|
Married | 1617 (81.7) | 541 (82.8) | 1043 (82.5) | 764 (83) | 554 (81.2) | 636 (83.2) |
|
|
|
|
Divorced | 118 (6) | 31 (4.7) | 75 (5.9) | 52 (5.6) | 37 (5.4) | 42 (5.5) |
|
|
|
|
Bereavement | 60 (3) | 20 (3.1) | 46 (3.6) | 37 (4) | 24 (3.5) | 31 (4.1) |
|
|
| Monthly family income (US $), n (%) | .001 | ||||||||
|
|
≤$2000 | 479 (24.2) | 142 (21.7) | 284 (22.5) | 219 (23.8) | 154 (22.6) | 187 (24.5) |
|
|
|
|
$2000-$4000 | 636 (32.1) | 205 (31.4) | 364 (28.8) | 246 (26.7) | 163 (23.9) | 218 (28.5) |
|
|
|
|
>$4000 | 865 (43.7) | 306 (46.9) | 617 (48.8) | 456 (49.5) | 365 (53.5) | 359 (47) |
|
|
| Drinking status, n (%) |
|
||||||||
|
|
Never | 977 (49.3) | 314 (48.1) | 598 (47.3) | 433 (47) | 307 (45) | 369 (48.3) |
|
|
|
|
Past | 689 (34.8) | 287 (44) | 500 (39.5) | 324 (35.2) | 225 (33) | 195 (25.5) |
|
|
|
|
Current | 314 (15.9) | 52 (8) | 167 (13.2) | 164 (17.8) | 150 (22) | 200 (26.2) |
|
|
| Smoking status, n (%) | <.001 | ||||||||
|
|
Never smoker | 1789 (90.4) | 602 (92.2) | 1137 (89.9) | 850 (92.3) | 633 (92.8) | 710 (92.9) |
|
|
|
|
Ever smoker | 191 (9.6) | 51 (8) | 128 (10.1) | 71 (7.7) | 49 (7) | 54 (7) |
|
|
| Comorbidity (yes), n (%) | 672 (33.9) | 235 (36) | 485 (38.3) | 373 (40.5) | 285 (41.8) | 350 (45.8) | <.001 | ||
| Physical activity (yes), n (%) | 688 (34.7) | 579 (88.7) | 1138 (90) | 802 (87.1) | 601 (88.1) | 665 (87) | <.001 | ||
| Pathology stage, n (%) | <.001 | ||||||||
|
|
0 or CR (NRT) | —a | 119 (18.2) | 212 (16.8) | 141 (15.3) | 78 (11) | 68 (9) |
|
|
|
|
I | — | 321 (49.2) | 573 (45.3) | 419 (45.5) | 309 (45.3) | 382 (50) |
|
|
|
|
II | — | 181 (27.7) | 391 (30.9) | 292 (31.7) | 223 (32.7) | 248 (32.5) |
|
|
|
|
III or IV | — | 32 (5) | 89 (7) | 69 (7.5) | 72 (10.6) | 66 (8.6) |
|
|
| Type of surgery, n (%) | <.001 | ||||||||
|
|
Mastectomy with reconstruction | — | 112 (17.2) | 213 (16.8) | 172 (18.7) | 119 (17.4) | 95 (12.4) |
|
|
|
|
Mastectomy without reconstruction | — | 112 (17.2) | 198 (15.7) | 136 (14.8) | 150 (22) | 165 (21.6) |
|
|
|
|
Breast conservation surgery | — | 429 (65.7) | 854 (67.5) | 613 (66.6) | 413 (60.6) | 504 (66) |
|
|
| Chemotherapy (yes), n (%) | — | 160 (24.5) | 419 (33.1) | 365 (39.6) | 305 (44.7) | 389 (50.9) | <.001 | ||
| Radiation therapy (yes), n (%) | — | 482 (73.8) | 968 (76.5) | 675 (73.3) | 496 (72.7) | 580 (75.9) | .24 | ||
| Hormone therapy (yes), n (%) | — | 505 (77.3) | 981 (77.5) | 721 (78.3) | 534 (78.3) | 618 (80.9) | .44 | ||
| Target therapy (yes), n (%) | — | 84 (13) | 186 (14.7) | 140 (15.2) | 98 (14.4) | 116 (15.2) | .72 | ||
aNot available.