Table 3.
Diagnostic performance of the control and experimental CT for detecting UC
| Primary reading team |
Secondary reading team |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control CT (95% CI) | Experimental CT (95% CI) | Difference (95% CI)a | Control CT (95% CI) | Experimental CT (95%CI) | Difference (95% CI)a | |
| Bladder and upper urinary tract | ||||||
| Sensitivity | 93.3 (82.1–97.7) | 91.1 (79.3–96.5) | 2.2 (–11.8 to 16.3) | 82.2 (68.7–90.7) | 82.2 (68.7–90.7) | 0.0 (–17.5 to 17.5) |
| Specificity | 83.7 (78.7–87.6) | 81.8 (76.6–86.0) | 1.9 (–4.9 to 8.6) | 91.3 (87.2–94.1) | 92.8 (89.0–95.3) | –1.5 (–6.6 to 3.5) |
| NPV | 98.7 (96.1–99.5) | 98.2 (95.4–99.3) | 0.5 (–2.6 to 3.7) | 96.8 (93.8–98.4) | 96.8 (93.9–98.4) | 0.0 (–3.7 to 3.6) |
| PPV | 49.4 (39.0–59.8) | 46.1 (36.1–56.4) | 3.3 (–12.1 to 18.5) | 61.7 (49.0–72.9) | 66.1 (53.0–77.1) | –4.4 (–22.3 to 14.0) |
| FNR | 6.7 (2.3–17.9) | 8.9 (3.5–20.7) | –2.2 (–16 to 11.8) | 17.8 (9.3–31.3) | 17.8 (9.3–31.3) | 0.0 (–17.5 to 17.5) |
| FPR | 16.4 (12.4–21.3) | 18.3 (14.1–23.4) | –1.9 (–8.6 to 4.9) | 8.8 (5.9–12.8) | 7.2 (4.7–11.0) | 1.5 (–3.5 to 6.6) |
| AUC | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) | 0.94 (0.93–0.96) | 0.02 (–0.01 to 0.05) | 0.92 (0.90–0.94) | 0.91 (0.89–0.93) | 0.01 (–0.05 to 0.07) |
| Accuracy | 85.0 (80.6–88.6) | 83.1 (78.5–86.9) | 1.9 (–2.8 to 6.7) | 89.9 (86.1–92.8) | 91.2 (87.6–93.9) | –1.3 (–5.3 to 2.7) |
| Bladder | ||||||
| Sensitivity | 95.0 (83.5–98.6) | 92.5 (80.1–97.4) | 2.5 (–11.8 to 17.1) | 82.5 (68.1–91.3) | 82.5 (68.1–91.3) | 0.0 (–18.5 to 18.5) |
| Specificity | 84.7 (79.9–88.5) | 83.6 (78.7–87.5) | 1.1 (–5.4 to 7.6) | 92.9 (89.2–95.4) | 94.0 (90.5–96.3) | –1.1 (–5.7 to 3.5) |
| NPV | 99.1 (96.9–99.8) | 98.7 (96.2–99.5) | 0.4 (–2.3 to 3.3) | 97.3 (94.5–98.7) | 97.3 (94.5–98.7) | 0.0 (–3.4 to 3.4) |
| PPV | 48.1 (37.4–58.9) | 45.7 (35.3–56.5) | 2.4 (–13.6 to 18.3) | 63.5 (49.9–75.2) | 67.4 (53.4–78.9) | –3.9 (–22.9 to 15.7) |
| FNR | 5.0 (–1.4 to 16.5) | 7.5 (2.6–19.9) | 2.5 (–17.1 to 11.8) | 17.5 (8.8–32.0) | 17.5 (8.8–32.0) | 0.0 (–18.5 to 18.5) |
| FPR | 15.3 (11.5–20.1) | 16.4 (12.5–21.3) | –1.1 (–7.6 to 5.4) | 7.1 (4.6–10.8) | 6.0 (3.7–9.5) | 1.1 (–3.5 to 5.7) |
| AUC | 0.95 (0.92–0.97) | 0.93 (0.90–0.96) | 0.02 (–0.02 to 0.06) | 0.91 (0.88–0.94) | 0.90 (0.86–0.93) | 0.01 (–0.06 to 0.08) |
| Accuracy | 86.0 (81.7–89.5) | 84.7 (80.3–88.3) | 1.3 (–3.3 to 5.9) | 91.5 (87.9–94.2) | 92.5 (89.0–95.0) | –1.0 (–4.7 to 2.7) |
| Upper urinary tract | ||||||
| Sensitivity | 80.0 (37.6–96.4) | 80.0 (37.6–96.4) | 0.0 (–53.6 to 53.6) | 80.0 (37.6–96.4) | 80.0 (37.6–96.4) | 0.0 (–53.6 to 53.6) |
| Specificity | 98.0 (95.8–99.1) | 97.0 (94.5–98.4) | 1.0 (–1.9 to 4.0) | 97.7 (95.3–98.9) | 97.7 (95.3–98.9) | 0.0 (–2.9 to 2.9) |
| NPV | 99.7 (98.1–99.9) | 99.7 (98.1–99.9) | 0.0 (–1.8 to 1.9) | 99.7 (98.1–99.9) | 99.7 (98.1–99.9) | 0.0 (–1.8 to 1.8) |
| PPV | 40.0 (16.8–68.7) | 30.8 (12.7–57.6) | 9.2 (–30.9 to 47.7) | 36.4 (15.2–64.6) | 36.4(15.2–64.6) | 0.0 (–40.0 to 40.0) |
| FNR | 20.0 (3.6–62.5) | 20.0 (3.6–62.5) | 0.0 (–53.6 to 53.6) | 20.0 (3.6–62.5) | 20.0 (3.6–62.5) | 0.0 (–53.6 to 53.6) |
| FPR | 2.0 (0.9–4.3) | 3.0 (1.6–5.6) | –1.0 (–4.0 to 1.9) | 2.3 (1.1–4.7) | 2.3 (1.1–4.7) | 0.0 (–2.9 to 2.9) |
| AUC | 0.89 (0.87–0.92) | 0.90 (0.87–0.92) | 0.01 (–0.002 to 0.006) | 0.90 (0.87–0.92) | 0.90 (0.87–0.92) | 0.0003 (–0.003 to 0.004) |
| Accuracy | 97.7 (95.4–98.9) | 96.7 (94.1–98.2) | 1.0 (–1.6 to 3.7) | 97.4 (95.0–98.7) | 97.4 (95.0–98.7) | 0.0 (–2.7 to 2.7) |
AUC = area under the curve; CI = confidence interval; CT = computed tomography; FNR = false negative rate; FPR = false positive rate; NPV = negative predictive value; PPV = positive predictive value; UC = urothelial carcinoma.