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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 8.
Published in final edited form as: Princ Pract Clin Res. 2023 Jul 24;9(1):10.21801/ppcrj.2023.91.2. doi: 10.21801/ppcrj.2023.91.2

Table 1.

Specialties ranked by number of retractions

Specialty Absolute Frequency (n) Relative Frequency (%)
Oncology 14 9.86
Cardiology 13 9.15
Ophthalmology 12 8.45
Gastroenterology 11 7.75
Infectiology 11 7.75
Orthopedics 11 7.75
Gynecology/Obstetrics 9 6.34
Neurology 6 4.23
Pulmonology 6 3.52
Anesthesia 5 3.52
Geriatry 5 3.52
Nephrology 5 3.52
Pediatrics 5 3.52
Rheumatology 5 3.52
Otorhinolaryngology 4 2.82
Surgery 4 2.82
Urology 4 2.82
Dermatology 3 2.11
Neurosurgery 3 2.11
Hematology 2 1.41
Internal Medicine 2 1.41
Endocrinology 1 0.70
Radiology 1 0.70

Total 142 100.00