Table 2. Targeted microwave ablation and focal laser ablation for localized PCa patients.

Author	Country	Study type	Eligibility criteria		Intervention		Outcomes and complications
PCa, prostate cancer; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; ISUP, International Society of Urological Pathology; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; US, ultrasound; TMA, targeted microwave ablation.
Kam J. et al. (A0963)	Australia	Prospective trial	PSA≤15 ng/mL, stage ≤T2c, ISUP 2−3, and 1−2 MRI visible lesions		Focal laser ablation utilizing ProFocal-Rx™ via a transperineal route and with an MRI/US fusion targeting platform.		Eighty-five percent of patients avoiding radical treatment with no worsening in any patient reported outcomes after treatment.
Oderda M. et al. (A0969)	Italy	Prospective, interventional phase I−II trial	Single MRI-visible lesion ≤12 mm diagnosed as ISUP≤2, PSA<20 ng/mL, 5-mm safety distance from apex and rectum, no signs of capsular involvement.		Transperineal targeted microwave ablation with a very low-loss microwave ablation system (TATO3) guided by 3D ultrasound/MRI fusion imaging achieved with Koelis Trinity.		Nine of eleven had absence of tumor in the treated area. No significant changes in PSA levels, IPSS or IIEF-5 scores were reported.
Chiu P.K-F. et al. (A0968)	Hong Kong	Prospective phase 2 trial	Males with low- to intermediate-risk PCa		Undergoing transperineal TMA was performed with MRI-ultrasound fusion guidance and organ-based tracking using the Koelis Trinity machine.		Thirty-five of 39 ablated areas had no cancer in 6-month targeted biopsy. Six of 8 with normal preoperative erectile function had no deterioration. Complications (all grade 1) included hematuria (18.5%), transient dysuria (3.7%), and transient perineal discomfort (7.4%).