Table 2.
Comparison of clinical data and outcomes of nephrocalcinosis according to gestational age
| Characteristics | Preterm birth (n = 349) |
Full-term birth (n = 115) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male : Female, n (ratio) | 175:174 (1:0.99) | 59:56 (1:0.94) | 0.850 |
| Gestational age, mean (weeks + days) | 28 + 2 | 38 + 2 | < 0.001* |
| Birth weight, mean ± SD (g) | 1257.7 ± 692.2 | 3039.9 ± 556.4 | < 0.001* |
| Underlying diseases | |||
| Maternal oligohydramnios, n (%) | 13 (3.7) | 2 (1.7) | 0.296 |
| BPD, n (%) | 186 (53.3) | 4 (3.5) | < 0.001* |
| PDA, n (%) | 122 (35.0) | 13 (11.3) | < 0.001* |
| VUR, n (%) | 6 (1.7) | 9 (7.8) | 0.001* |
| Medication history | |||
| Furosemide, n (%) | 225 (64.5) | 54 (47.0) | 0.001* |
| Vitamin D, n (%) | 204 (58.5) | 17 (14.8) | < 0.001* |
| Steroidsa, n (%) | 183 (52.4) | 59 (51.3) | 0.833 |
|
Age at first diagnosis of NC, mean ± SD (d) |
229.6 ± 587.8 | 858.0 ± 1325.0 | < 0.001* |
| Duration to resolution, mean (d) | 427.4 ± 620.9 | 430.4 ± 374.4 | 0.976 |
| Clinical outcomes | |||
| Persistent follow-up, n (%) | 187 (53.6) | 88 (76.5) | |
| Resolution of NC, n (%) | 128 (68.4) | 43 (48.9) | 0.003* |
| Sustained NC, n (%) | 42 (22.5) | 33 (37.5) | |
| Expired, n (%) | 17 (9.1) | 12 (13.6) | 0.033* |
| Loss of follow-up, n (%) | 162 (46.4) | 27 (23.5) | 0.001* |
| Progression to CKD, n (%) | 11 (3.2) | 12 (10.4) | 0.002* |
SD standard deviation, BPD bronchopulmonary dysplasia, PDA patent ductus arteriosus, VUR vesicoureteral reflux, NC nephrocalcinosis, d days, CKD chronic kidney disease
aSteroids include prednisolone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, and hydrocortisone