Table 2.
Pre-hospital treatment
| Overall N = 1,740 |
< 1 Year n = 731 |
1–4 Years n = 369 |
5–12 Years n = 283 |
13–17 Years n = 357 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment before EMS arrival, n (%) | |||||
| Chest compression only | 362 (20.8%) | 145 (19.8%) | 76 (20.6%) | 54 (19.1%) | 87 (24.4%) |
| Ventilation only | 35 (2%) | 11 (2%) | 10 (3%) | 3 (1%) | 11 (3%) |
| Chest compression and ventilation | 355 (20.4%) | 150 (20.5%) | 108 (29.3%) | 60 (21.2%) | 39 (10.9%) |
| Defibrillation* | 6 (0.3%) | 1 (0.1%) | – | 2 (1%) | 3 (1%) |
| Airway management, n (%) | |||||
| BMV only | 67 (4%) | 26 (4%) | 8 (2%) | 8 (3%) | 25 (7%) |
| SGA** | 320 (23%) | 150 (26%) | 59 (21%) | 34 (15%) | 77 (25%) |
| Endotracheal Intubation** | 1070 (77%) | 420 (74%) | 221 (79%) | 193 (85%) | 236 (75%) |
| End-tidal CO2 at admission** | 425 (31%) | 119 (21%) | 103 (37%) | 85 (37%) | 118 (38%) |
| Medication | |||||
| Adrenaline, N | 1579 | 673 | 360 | 269 | 277 |
| i.v. n (%)*** | 873 (55%) | 344 (51%) | 177 (49%) | 156 (58%) | 196 (71%) |
| i.o. n (%)*** | 668 (42%) | 308 (46%) | 173 (48%) | 112 (42%) | 75 (21%) |
| Atropine, N | 176 | 52 | 56 | 37 | 31 |
| i.v. n (%)*** | 106 (60%) | 28 (54%) | 31 (55%) | 23 (62%) | 24 (77%) |
| i.o. n (%)*** | 65 (37%) | 23 (44%) | 23 (41%) | 14 (38%) | 5 (16%) |
| Amiodarone, N | 70 | 17 | 4 | 10 | 39 |
| i.v. n (%)*** | 61 (87%) | 17 (100%) | 2 (50%) | 7 (70%) | 35 (90%) |
| i.o. n (%)*** | 9 (13%) | – | 2 (50%) | 3 (30%) | 4 (10%) |
| Crystalloid Fluids, n (%) | 964 (55.4%) | 352 (48.2%) | 194 (52.6%) | 189 (66.8%) | 229 (64.1%) |
| Thrombolysis, n (%) | 19 (1%) | 8 (1%) | – | – | 10 (3%) |
| Defibrillation, total (%) | n = 235 (13.5%) | n = 64 (9%) | n = 25 (7%) | n = 48 (17.0%) | n = 98 (27.5%) |
| 1 Shock, n (%)* | 84 (35.7%) | 21 (32.8%) | 12 (48.0%) | 20 (41.7%) | 31 (31.6%) |
| 2–3 Shocks, n (%)* | 48 (20.4%) | 4 (6%) | 3 (12.0%) | 10 (20.8%) | 31 (31.6%) |
| > 3 Shocks, n (%)* | 50 (21.3%) | 15 (23.4%) | 2 (8%) | 7 (14.6%) | 26 (26.5%) |
| 1 unknown, n (%)* | 50 (21.3%) | 24 (37.5%) | 8 (32.0%) | 11 (22.9%) | 10 (10.2%) |
| Mechanical CPR, n (%) | 47 (3%) | – | – | – | 47 (13.2%) |
Percentages were rounded, wherefore they might not add up to 100%. *Percentage calculated from the total of defibrillations (n = 235). **Percentage calculated from the total cases where advanced airway management with SGA or ETI was performed (n = 1390). ***Percentage calculated from the total number of the administered drug (N). BMV bag-mask ventilation; SGA supraglottic airway device; SD standard deviation; CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation