FIGURE 6.

DL in clinical fields. Cardiology: applications such as predicting heart diseases and Parkinson using ECG as input. Gastroenterology: applications such as detecting and classifying gastric cancer and esophageal lesions using endoscope images as input. Ophthalmology: applications such as predicting ophthalmic and cardiovascular disorders using fundus and retinal images as input. Dermatology: applications such as classifying melanoma and skin cancer using clinical skin images. DL, deep learning.