Table 2.
Difference regarding adropin categories in each sex group.
| Total Number of KTRs with Measured Adropin (n = 59) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women (n = 28) | Men (n = 31) | |||||
| Adropin ≤ Mean Value (n = 11) |
Adropin > Mean Value (n = 17) |
p | Adropin ≤ Mean Value (n = 14) |
Adropin > Mean Value (n = 17) |
p | |
| Time since transplantation (years) median (IQR) | 3.5 (3.75) | 6 (8) | 0.236 | 5 (8) | 5 (6.5) | 0.567 |
| Dialysis type, n (%) | ||||||
| PD | 5 (50) | 8 (47.06) | 0.893 | 6 (46.15) | 3 (18.75) | 0.257 |
| HD | 4 (40) | 8 (47.06) | 0.893 | 6 (46.15) | 12 (75) | 0.257 |
| PD+HD | 1 (10) | 1 (5.88) | 0.893 | 1 (7.69) | 1 (6.25) | 0.257 |
| Dialysis duration (years) median (IQR) | 1.25 (1.5) | 2 (4) | 0.517 | 2 (3.5) | 4 (3) | 0.256 |
| Age (years) median (IQR) | 54.45 (9.98) | 60.71 (9.53) | 0.108 | 62.5 (16.75) | 65 (13) | 0.361 |
| Presence of chronic kidney disease, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 4 (40) | 3 (17.65) | 0.409 | 3 (23.08) | 6 (37.5) | 0.666 |
| Yes | 6 (60) | 14 (82.35) | 0.409 | 10 (76.92) | 10 (62.5) | 0.666 |
| Presence of arterial hypertension, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 2 (18.18) | 2 (11.76) | 1.000 | 2 (15.38) | 3 (17.65) | 1.000 |
| Yes | 9 (81.82) | 15 (88.24) | 1.000 | 11 (84.62) | 14 (82.35) | 1.000 |
| Presence of diabetes mellitus, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 9 (90) | 14 (82.35) | 1.000 | 10 (71.43) | 14 (82.35) | 0.770 |
| Yes | 1 (10) | 3 (17.65) | 1.000 | 4 (28.57) | 3 (17.65) | 0.770 |
| Presence of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 8 (88.89) | 14 (82.35) | 1.000 | 11 (78.57) | 13 (81.25) | 1.000 |
| Yes | 1 (11.11) | 3 (17.65) | 1.000 | 3 (21.43) | 3 (18.75) | 1.000 |
| Presence of cerebrovascular disease, N (%) | ||||||
| No | 8 (88.89) | 17 (100) | 0.742 | 12 (85.71) | 15 (93.75) | 0.903 |
| Yes | 1 (11.11) | NA | 0.742 | 2 (14.29) | 1 (6.25) | 0.903 |
| Smoking status, N (%) | ||||||
| Nonsmoker | 2 (22.22) | 8 (50) | 0.290 | 5 (41.67) | 7 (58.33) | 0.713 |
| Former smoker | 4 (44.44) | 3 (18.75) | 0.290 | 4 (33.33) | 3 (25) | 0.713 |
| Smoker | 3 (33.33) | 5 (31.25) | 0.290 | 3 (25) | 2 (16.67) | 0.713 |
| Anthropometric parameters | ||||||
| Height (cm), mean (SD) | 167.11 (6.75) | 163.88 (5.35) | 0.199 | 178.75 (6.52) | 178.07 (10.41) | 0.847 |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 82.82 (12.2) | 68.89 (12.9) | 0.015 | 88.15 (17) | 73.65 (9.67) | 0.012 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 29.69 (4.04) | 25.59 (4.54) | 0.035 | 27.47 (4.27) | 23.24 (2.58) | 0.005 |
| Upper arm circumference (cm), median (IQR) | 30.67 (3.57) | 28.57 (3.5) | 0.179 | 28 (10) | 27 (2.75) | 0.510 |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD) | 106.44 (8.78) | 92.21 (15.35) | 0.020 | 105.78 (12.01) | 94.67 (8.17) | 0.036 |
| WHtR, mean (SD) | 0.64 (0.05) | 0.56 (0.09) | 0.043 | 0.59 (0.05) | 0.54 (0.06) | 0.074 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||||
| Albumin (g/L), mean (SD) | 41.78 (2.77) | 41.33 (3.29) | 0.738 | 40.18 (3.03) | 41.17 (3.74) | 0.478 |
| Calcium (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 2.53 (0.16) | 2.41 (0.15) | 0.055 | 2.44 (0.17) | 2.42 (0.16) | 0.645 |
| CRP (mg/L), median (IQR) | 3.85 (5.75) | 2.1 (3.72) | 0.218 | 3.9 (5.3) | 1.9 (2.55) | 0.612 |
| Erythrocyte count (×1012), mean (SD) | 4.6 (0.45) | 4.39 (0.4) | 0.229 | 4.53 (0.42) | 4.9 (0.65) | 0.091 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 5.1 (0.78) | 5.11 (0.66) | 0.967 | 5 (1) | 5.3 (0.95) | 0.258 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L), median (IQR) | 132.9 (11.05) | 129 (10.71) | 0.375 | 134.38 (12.71) | 142.94 (12.16) | 0.076 |
| Potassium (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 4.27 (0.4) | 3.87 (0.44) | 0.026 | 4.6 (0.9) | 3.95 (0.45) | 0.061 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.92 (1.97) | 6.2 (0.67) | 0.619 | 5.6 (1.53) | 5.14 (1) | 0.365 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 105.5 (84) | 113 (40) | 0.581 | 149 (59) | 116 (34.5) | 0.035 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 3.3 (0.8) | 3.7 (1) | 0.363 | 3.34 (1.29) | 3.05 (0.83) | 0.500 |
| MCV (fL), mean (SD) | 87.29 (4.82) | 89.73 (5.65) | 0.269 | 89.3 (3.37) | 88.19 (6.99) | 0.607 |
| Sodium (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 141.12 (1.55) | 142.33 (1.67) | 0.121 | 141.64 (1.86) | 141.4 (1.35) | 0.710 |
| Phosphate (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.06 (0.27) | 1.12 (0.18) | 0.478 | 1.06 (0.27) | 0.82 (0.2) | 0.016 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.8 (1.1) | 1.6 (0.9) | 0.591 | 2.65 (1.55) | 1.16 (1.33) | 0.037 |
| Uric acid (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 385.2 (78.47) | 388.76 (62.48) | 0.897 | 421.23 (63.17) | 364.38 (67.8) | 0.028 |
| Urea (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 9 (4.7) | 9.3 (3.2) | 1.000 | 11.42 (4.08) | 9.32 (2.2) | 0.087 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), mean (SD) | 54.54 (25.77) | 45.32 (18.14) | 0.286 | 46.68 (20.87) | 59.8 (16.44) | 0.069 |
| Adropin, mean (SD) | 2.01 (0.26) | 2.6 (0.16) | 0.000 | 1.94 (0.24) | 2.73 (0.27) | 0.000 |
| Body composition parameters | ||||||
| Fat mass (kg), median (IQR) | 26.69 (8.76) | 19.99 (8.72) | 0.079 | 20.1 (8.82) | 9.45 (6.72) | 0.003 |
| Fat mass (%), mean (SD) | 31.8 (7.42) | 27.91 (8.12) | 0.249 | 21.65 (6.15) | 13.85 (6.82) | 0.009 |
| Fat free mass (kg), mean (SD) | 56.3 (4.2) | 47.95 (5.67) | 0.044 | 70.75 (6.95) | 63.49 (9.67) | 0.055 |
| Visceral fat, mean (SD) | 8.44 (3) | 6.81 (2.76) | 0.182 | 11.6 (2.27) | 8.21 (3.83) | 0.021 |
| Metabolic age (years), median (IQR) | 50.56 (14.29) | 48.25 (12.76) | 0.682 | 51.5 (7.5) | 49.5 (14.25) | 0.907 |
| Muscle mass (kg), mean (SD) | 53.5 (4) | 45.5 (5.4) | 0.044 | 67.25 (6.61) | 60.18 (9.42) | 0.054 |
| Skeletal muscle mass (kg), mean (SD) | 29.1 (3.1) | 25.2 (2.75) | 0.033 | 38.97 (4.85) | 35.09 (6.95) | 0.144 |
| Skeletal muscle mass (%), median (IQR) | 36.19 (5.39) | 38.13 (5.68) | 0.412 | 43.03 (3.31) | 49.01 (8.71) | 0.052 |
| Body mass (kg), mean (SD) | 2.8 (0.2) | 2.45 (0.28) | 0.056 | 3.5 (0.34) | 3.17 (0.44) | 0.060 |
| Body water (kg), mean (SD) | 40.2 (2.8) | 33.9 (3.82) | 0.039 | 49.76 (5.47) | 44.77 (7.14) | 0.077 |
| Body water (%), mean (SD) | 48.42 (5.31) | 51.05 (5.86) | 0.278 | 55.03 (4.08) | 60.82 (6.33) | 0.019 |
| Phase angle (°), median (IQR) | 5.49 (0.72) | 5.14 (0.5) | 0.164 | 5.72 (0.79) | 5.09 (0.92) | 0.095 |
| ECW, mean (SD) | 17.67 (2.33) | 15.39 (2.03) | 0.018 | 20.68 (1.93) | 18.58 (2.08) | 0.020 |
| ICW, mean (SD) | 21.7 (2.3) | 18.8 (2.07) | 0.033 | 29.08 (3.62) | 26.19 (5.18) | 0.144 |
| ECW/ICW, mean (SD) | 0.8 (0.07) | 0.8 (0.07) | 0.911 | 0.72 (0.04) | 0.72 (0.09) | 0.796 |
| Trunk visceral fat, median (IQR) | 12.08 (4.16) | 8.46 (4.51) | 0.060 | 12.45 (6.03) | 4.75 (4.77) | 0.003 |
| Blood pressure parameters | ||||||
| pSBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 132.68 (18.47) | 132.66 (18.92) | 0.997 | 139.19 (11.87) | 136.29 (16.26) | 0.594 |
| pDBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 88.41 (11.09) | 85.38 (12.42) | 0.521 | 91.14 (14.48) | 83.82 (10.02) | 0.132 |
| pMAP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 108.28 (13.09) | 108.34 (13.25) | 0.991 | 111.82 (10.24) | 109.32 (13.49) | 0.630 |
| pPP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 43 (15.39) | 51.31 (13.84) | 0.179 | 45.64 (12.54) | 55.95 (9.23) | 0.040 |
| cSBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 122.22 (17.47) | 128.72 (15.61) | 0.348 | 130.25 (9.65) | 130.45 (16.62) | 0.973 |
| cDBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 89.72 (12.44) | 85.69 (12.33) | 0.442 | 93.4 (12.76) | 85.05 (10.25) | 0.113 |
| cMAP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 100.57 (12.85) | 100.03 (12.39) | 0.918 | 105.68 (10.56) | 100.18 (11.72) | 0.275 |
| cPP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 30.83 (13.19) | 38.59 (9.32) | 0.099 | 36 (12.09) | 42.18 (9.53) | 0.207 |
| PWV (m/s), median (IQR) | 8.1 (1.71) | 9.24 (1.45) | 0.091 | 9.4 (2.15) | 9.6 (1.4) | 0.460 |
Abbreviations: KTRs—kidney transplant recipients, n—number, PD—peritoneal dialysis, HD—hemodialysis, BMI—body mass index, WHtR—waist to height ratio, CRP—C-reactive protein, LDL—C —low density lipoprotein cholesterol, MCV—mean cellular volume, eGFR—estimated glomerular filtration rate using CKD-EPI, ECW—extracellular water, ICW—intracellular water, p—peripheral, c—central, SBP—systolic blood pressure, DBP—diastolic blood pressure, MAP—mean arterial pressure, PP—pulse pressure, PWV—pulse wave velocity.