Table 1.

The potential EV-sorting mechanisms of some HF-associated miRNAs.

miRNAs	Sorting Mechanism	Functions in HF	Ref.
miR-122	The binding of Lupus La protein, hnRNPU and/or HuR to miR122 controls extracellular export	Promote apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, pathological hypertrophy and remodeling	[73,76,81,82]
miR-223	Selective sorting of miR-223 into EXOs by phase-separated YBX1 condensates	Promote cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy	[69,77,83,84]
miR-34c-5p	The binding of Alyref and/or Fus to the CGGGAG motif at the 3′ end of miR-34c	Cardiac hypertrophy	[19,85]
miR-26a	The binding of Alyref and/or Fus to the CGGGAG motif at the 3′ end of miR-34c; alternatively, 3′-end uridylation of miR-26a	Protects the heart against hypertension-induced myocardial fibrosis	[19,20,86]
miR-30c-5p	The binding of hnRNPU to the AAMRUGCU motif of miR-30c-5p	Protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury	[67,87]
miR-17/92	The binding of cav-1/hnRNPA2B1 complex to miR-17/92 regulates its MV sorting	Hypertrophic and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy	[78,88]
miR-1246	The binding of SRSF1 to miR-1246 regulates its exosomal enrichment	Upregulated in diastolic dysfunction	[75,89]
miR-1231	The binding hnRNPA2B1 to the GGAG EXOmotif at the 3′ end of miR-1231	Induction of arrhythmias in ischemic hearts	[70,90]