Table 1.
List of investigated studies and their characteristics.
| Author (Year) | Compared groups | Aim of the study | Polysomnography parameters | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TST | REM | NREM | Other | |||||
| N1 | N2 | N3 | ||||||
| Berger (2022) | No hypertension at baseline Normotensives/ incident hypertension |
Association between sleep macro and microstructure and incident hypertension | ns | ns | ↑ p=0.002 |
ns | ↓ p=0.008 |
↑ arousals (0.002) ↑ AHI (<0.001) ↑ ODI (<0.001) ↓ SpO2 (0.003) |
| Liu X (2021) | No comparison | Association between visit-to-visit blood pressure variability and sleep architecture | ↓ p<0.001 |
↓ p<0.001 |
↑ p<0.001 |
ns | ns | ↑ AHI (<0.001) |
| Kanclerska (2022) | Hypertensives/ normotensives | Blood pressure and sleep architecture association | – | ns | ns | ↓ p<0.001 |
ns | ↑ arousals (<0.01) ↑ AHI (<0.001) ↑ ODI (<0.001) ↑ SpO2 (<0.001) |
| Liao H (2016) | Mild/moderate HA vs control | Relation between arterial stiffness and sleep architecture | ↓ p<0.001 |
↓ p=0.02 |
↓ p<0.001 |
↓ p<0.001 |
↑ sleep latency (0.032) ↑ AHI (0.042) ↑ arousals (<0.001) |
|
| Li X (2018) | Hypertensives/ normotensives | Association between morning BP and sleep architecture | ns | ns | ns | ns | ↑ sleep latency | |
| Fung MM (2011) | Hypertensives/ normotensives | Association between incident AH and PSG measures | ns | – | ↑ p=0.013 |
↑ p=0.033 |
↓ p<0.002 |
↓ SpO2 <0.025 |
| Grimaldi D (2014) | Hypertensives/ normotensives | Association between sleep parameters and AH | ns | ns | ns | ↓ p<0.001 |
ns | Comparable values in wake-sleep fragmentation |
BP – blood pressure; AH – arterial hypertension; PSG – polysomnography; TST – total sleep time; REM – rapid eye movement sleep stage; NREM – non-rapid eye movement sleep; N1 – N2, N3- adequate N1 NREM sleep, N2 NREM sleep, N3 NREM sleep; AHI – apnea-hypopnea index; ODI – oxygen desaturation index; SpO2 – oxygen saturation; ns – not statistically significant.