Table 2.
Orbital exenteration and complications.
| Variable | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Orbital exenteration extent of resection | n = 957 |
| Total | 302 (31.6%) |
| Extended | 248 (26.0%) |
| Subtotal | 87 (9.0%) |
| Unspecified | 320 (33.4%) |
| Additional surgical interventions | n = 146 |
| Maxillectomy | 57 (39.0%) |
| Lymph node resection | 36 (24.7%) |
| Ethmoidectomy | 17 (11.6%) |
| Craniotomy | 14 (9.6%) |
| Parotidectomy | 5 (3.4%) |
| Craniofacial resection | 4 (2.7%) |
| Enucleation | 4 (2.7%) |
| Rhinectomy | 3 (2.1%) |
| Tracheostomy | 3 (2.1%) |
| Posterior orbit sparing | 2 (1.4%) |
| Temporal bone resection | 1 (0.7%) |
| Complications | n = 168 * |
| Sino-orbital/nasal fistula | 40 (22.6%) |
| Flap/graft/implant failure (loss/necrosis/atrophy) | 30 (16.9%) |
| Hyperostosis | 23 (13.0%) |
| Wound dehiscence/non-healing | 19 (10.7%) |
| CSF leak | 15 (8.5%) |
| Surgical site infection | 12 (6.7%) |
| Brain invasion | 7 (4.0%) |
| Hematoma | 6 (3.3%) |
| Socket hemorrhage | 6 (3.3%) |
| Socket draining | 3 (1.7%) |
| Transient facial weakness | 3 (1.7%) |
| Myocardial infarction | 2 (1.1%) |
| Stroke | 2 (1.1%) |
| Pulmonary infection | 1 (0.6%) |
| Delirium tremens | 1 (0.6%) |
| Eyelid fistula | 1 (0.6%) |
| Meningitis | 1 (0.6%) |
| Orbital abscess | 1 (0.6%) |
| Osteitis | 1 (0.6%) |
| Permanent facial weakness | 1 (0.6%) |
| Pulmonary edema | 1 (0.6%) |
| Trigeminal neuralgia | 1 (0.6%) |
Data are reported as frequencies and percentages. CSF, cerebrospinal fluid. * The total number of patients with complications does not sum up to the number of complications as many patients had multiple and complications.