Table 2.

Properties of lasers used for UTUC laser ablation.

	Continuous versus pulsed emission	Fiber diameter, μm	Wavelength, nm	Depth of penetration, mm	Recommended power settings	Preferred sites for use
Neodymium laser	Continuous	200–600	946, 1064, 1318, 1444	3–6	20–30 W	Renal pelvis
Holmium laser	Pulsed	200, 272, 365, 600	2120	0.5	0.6–1.0 J/pulse at 5–10 Hz	Renal pelvis; Ureter
Thulium laser	Continuous or pulsed	272, 365	1940–2013	0.2–0.4	10–20 W	Renal pelvis; Ureter

UTUC = upper tract urothelial carcinoma;