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. 2023 Aug 30;24(17):13434. doi: 10.3390/ijms241713434

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Physiopathology of endothelial dysfunction, with significant involvement of ROS in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. The arrow indicates the consequences resulting from vascular endothelial damage, which leads to localized inflammation, fibrosis, proliferation, and vasoconstriction. Here, eNOS = endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ROS = reactive oxygen species; NOX = nitrogen oxides; COX = cyclooxygenase; PGL2 = prostaglandin 2; ICAM-1 = intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1; and VCAM-1 = vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.