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GPR40/GPR120/GPR119 blood glucose regulation mechanism. Abbreviations: AC, adenylyl cyclase; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; IP3, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate; PKC, protein kinase C; DAG, diacylglycerol; and ER, endoplasmic reticulum. Tip arrows: activation; Flat arrows: inhibition.
