| 5′NT, CD73 | 5′-nucleotidase |
| 6-OHDA | 6-hydroxydopamine |
| 8-OHdG | 8-hydroxyl-2′-deoxyguanosine |
| A1AR | adenosine A1 receptor |
| A2AAR | adenosine A2A receptor |
| A2BAR | adenosine A2B receptor |
| A3AR | adenosine A3 receptor |
| AD | Alzheimer disease |
| ADA | adenosine deaminase |
| Akt | protein kinase B |
| ApN | aminopeptidase N |
| Aβ | amyloid-beta protein |
| BBB | blood–brain barrier |
| BDNF | brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
| cAMP | cyclic AMP |
| CAT | catalase |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CYP | cytochrome P450. |
| CYP1A2 | cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 |
| Cys | Cysteine |
| CysCys | Cystine |
| CysGly | Cysteinylglycine |
| DA | Dopamine |
| EAAC1 | Excitatory amino acid carrier protein 1 |
| ERK | Extracellular-signal regulated kinase |
| GCL | γ-glutamyl cysteine ligase |
| GCLC | GCL catalytic subunit |
| GCLM | GCL modifier subunit |
| GDA | Guanine deaminase |
| GLAST | Glutamate-aspartate transporter |
| Gln | Glutamine |
| GLT-1 | Glutamate transporter 1 |
| Glu | Glutamate |
| GluCys | glutamylcysteine |
| GluR | glutamate transporter |
| Gly | glycine |
| GPx | glutathione peroxidase |
| GR | GSH reductase |
| GS | glutamine synthetase |
| GSH | glutathione |
| GSK3 | glycogen synthase kinase 3 |
| GSK3β | glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta |
| GSS | GSH synthetase |
| GSSG | glutathione disulfide |
| GST | glutathione S-transferase |
| HO-1 | heme oxygenase-1 |
| IL-1β | interleukin-1β |
| i.v. | intravenously injection |
| Kir 4.1 | Kir 4.1 potassium channel |
| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| MDA | malondialdehyde |
| MEK | extracellular-signal regulated kinase kinase |
| MPP+ | 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium |
| MPTP | 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine |
| MRP1 | multidrug resistance protein 1 |
| MRPs | multidrug resistance proteins |
| MX | methylxanthine |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| NGF | nerve growth factor |
| NQO1 | NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 |
| Nrf2 | nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 |
| NTPDases, CD39 | nucleoside triphosphate diphospho-hydrolase |
| PD | Parkinson’s disease |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase |
| p-JNK | phospho-c-Jun n-terminal kinase |
| p-NF-κB | phosphor-NF-κB |
| PNP | purine nucleoside phosphorylase |
| PX | paraxanthine |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SIN-1 | 3-morpholinosydnonimine |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| TB | theobromine |
| t-BHQ | tert-butylhydroquinone |
| TP | theophylline |
| TUNEL | terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dNTP nick end labeling |
| UA | uric acid |
| xCT | cystine/glutamate antiporter |
| XO | xanthine oxidase |
| γ-GT | γ-glutamyl transpeptidase |
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