Table 2.

The analytical sensitivity of different technologies used to differentiate ctDNA from cfDNA.

Technology Used	Analytical Sensitivity	Cancer Type	Test	Citation
RT-PCR	0.1–1% MAF	NSCLC	cobas EGFR	[101]
ddPCR	0.001% MAF	BRAF V600E		[80]
BEAMing	0.01% MAF	CRC, MBC		[82,83]
ARMS-qPCR	0.1% MAF	mCRC		[85]
SNPase-ARMS qPCR	0.001% MAF	Melanoma		[86]
TEC-Seq	0.1% MAF	BC, LC, OVC, CRC		[40]
TAm-Seq	0.002% MAF	Various	RaDaR	[102]
TAm-Seq	0.01% MAF	BC	Signatera	[103]
SafeSEQ	0.05% MAF	Various	CancerSEEK	[88,89,104]
CAPP-Seq	0.02% MAF	NSCLC		[90]
PARE	0.001% MAF	BC, CRC		[91]
WGBS	0.023% MAF	Various	Galleri	[95,96]
ELSA-seq	0.02% MAF	Various	OverC	[97,98]
cfMeDIP-seq	0.1% MAF	Various	PanSeer	[99]

NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; CRC: colorectal cancer; MBC: metastatic breast cancer; mCRC: metastatic colorectal cancer; BC: breast cancer; LC: lung cancer; OVC: ovarian cancer; MAF: mutant allele frequency; RT-PCR: real-time PCR; ddPCR: droplet digital PCR; BEAMing: beads, emulsions, amplification, magnetics; ARMS-qPCR: amplification refractory mutation system qPCR; TEC-Seq: targeted error correction sequencing; TAm-Seq: tagged-amplicon deep sequencing; Safe-SeqS: safe-sequencing system; CAPP-Seq: cancer personalized profiling by deep sequencing; PARE: personalized analysis of rearranged ends; WGBS: whole genome bisulfite sequencing; ELSA-seq: enhanced linear splinter amplification sequencing; cfMeDIP-seq: cell-free methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and high throughput sequencing.