Table 3. Frequency of Barriers to Coverage of Guidelines-Based Asthma Care, by Categorya .
| Barrier | Quick relief medication | Controller medication | Medical devices | Allergy testing | Allergy immunotherapy | Self-management education | Home visits | Lung function testing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age limits | 15.4 | 48.1 | 5.9 | 0 | 0 | 17.6 | 38.5 | 3.8 |
| Co-payment | 71.2 | 71.2 | 58.8 | 30.8 | 28.8 | 19.6 | 0 | 25.0 |
| Durable medical equipment | NA | NA | 94.1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Eligibility criteria | NA | 43.1 | NA | NA | NA | 5.9 | 46.2 | 0 |
| Prior authorization | 82.7 | 98.1 | 29.4 | 9.6 | 13.5 | 9.8 | 23.1 | 15.4 |
| Quantity limits | 78.8 | 86.5 | 88.2 | 28.8 | 32.7 | 25.5 | 38.5 | 23.1 |
| Step therapy | 73.1 | 88.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
a
Frequency of barriers is calculated by dividing the confirmed number of states with the barrier by the total number of states that cover the given category of care. All values are percentages.