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. 2023 Aug 24;12(17):5510. doi: 10.3390/jcm12175510

Table 2.

Summary of changes in selected back muscle functions in patients with chronic low back pain.

Parameter Summary of Changes in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Sensorimotor control
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    Reaction times of erector spinae to predictable and unpredictable perturbations are inconsistent. When changes in erector spinae reaction time are found, they are typically delayed.

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    Increased activity of erector spinae during functional tasks, especially in patients with unhelpful beliefs.

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    Alterations in the motor cortex representation of the back muscles are present.

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    Patients with LBP weight down afferent proprioceptive information from back muscles during postural control tasks.
Spatial distribution
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    Patients with CLBP activate more cranially located regions of back extensors during fatiguing tasks.

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    Unclear whether differences in spatiotemporal changes are present in CLBP. Spatiotemporal changes seem to vary depending on the task and the individual.
Muscle strength and endurance
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    Decreased in CLBP, but strong inter-individual variability.