AD	Alzheimer’s Disease
ADMA	asymmetric dimethylarginine
AT1	angiotensin II type 1 receptor
Aβ	amyloid beta
β-amyloid1–40	beta-amyloid1–40
BBB	blood–brain barrier
Ca2+	calcium
CADASIL	cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
Cav-1	caveolin-1
CD40	CD40 ligand
CDR	Clinical Dementia Rating Scale
CRP	C-reactive protein
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid
CT	computerised tomography
CVR	cerebrovascular reactivity
DCE-MRI	dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI
DTI	diffusion tensor imaging
EDE	endothelial-derived exosome
eNOS	endothelial nitric oxide synthase
E-selectin	endothelial selectin
ET-1	endothelin-1
GLUT-1	glucose transporter-1
Hcy	homocysteine
HbA1c	haemoglobin A1c
ICAM-1	intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1
ICV	intracranial volume
IL-6	interleukin-6
K+	potassium
LAT-1	large neutral amino acid transporter-1
Lp-PLA2	lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2-mass
MCI	mild cognitive impairment
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
NO	nitric oxide
NOS	nitric oxide synthase
NOSTRIN	endothelial nitric oxide synthase traffic inducer
PAI-1	plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
PF-4	platelet factor-4
P-GP	permeability-glycoprotein
PlGF	placental growth factor
P-selectin	platelet selectin
PVS	perivascular spaces
ROS	reactive oxygen species
sVCAM-1	soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
SVD	small vessel disease
TF	tissue factor
TFPI	tissue factor pathway inhibitor
TGF-β1	transforming growth factor- β 1
TM	thrombomodulin
TNFR1	tumour necrosis factor receptor 1
TNFR2	tumour necrosis factor receptor 2
TNF-α	tumour necrosis factor alpha
t-PA	tissue-type plasminogen activator
VCAM-1	vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
vWF	von Willebrand Factor
WMH	white matter hyperintensities