Table 1.
Demographic and biochemical characteristics of patients included in the study.
| Non-T2DM | T2DM | p | All Subjects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | ||||
| N | 200 | 133 | 333 | |
| Age (years) | 64.6 ± 11.3 | 66.3 ± 10.2 | 0.27 | 65.3 ± 10.9 |
| Sex (% male) | 135 (67.5) | 85 (63.9) | 0.49 | 220 (66.1) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 2.8 | 27.1 ± 2.1 | 0.09 | 26.1 ± 3.2 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 123 ± 15.1 | 128 ± 11.5 | 0.12 | 127 ± 12.3 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 74.5 ± 8.6 | 75.8 ± 9.7 | 0.13 | 74.9 ± 9.1 |
| Comorbidities (%) | ||||
| Significant CAD | 167 (83.5) | 103 (77.4) | 0.17 | 270 (81.1) |
| Obesity | 28 (14) | 14 (10.5) | 0.35 | 42 (12.6) |
| Hypertension | 61 (30.5) | 37 (27.8) | 0.59 | 98 (29.4) |
| Former smokers | 40 (20) | 28 (21.1) | 0.46 | 68 (20.4) |
| Current smokers | 63 (31.5) | 21 (23.3) | 0.04 | 94 (28.2) |
| Dyslipidemia | 88 (44) | 54 (40.6) | 0.54 | 142 (42.6) |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| T-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 172.6 (145–201.5) | 168 (140–190) | 0.14 | 171 (143–198) |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 40.5 (33–48) | 37 (31–43.5) | 0.05 | 38 (32–46) |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 103 (80–127) | 94 (74.5–112) | <0.01 | 100.4 (76–121.8) |
| TG (mg/dL) | 125 (92.3–162.8) | 142 (114.5–197.5) | <0.001 | 135 (102–172) |
| TyG index | 4.68 (4.53–4.79) | 5.04 (4.9–5.25) | <0.001 | 4.8 (4.61–5.02) |
| FG (mg/dL) | 90 (86–95) | 158 (138–200) | <0.001 | 97 (89–147.5) |
| Hb1ac (%) | 5.37 ± 0.37 | 7.57 ± 0.42 | <0.001 | 6.28 ± 1.46 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 101.1 ± 9.2 | 97.5 ± 8.3 | 0.11 | 99.5 ± 3.3 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.89 (0.75–1.05) | 0.82 (0.7–1.02) | 0.04 | 0.86 (0.74–1.04) |
| ACR (mg/g) | 5.82 (3.54–15.9) | 8.38 (4.08–16.96) | 0.08 | 6.83 (3.68–16.04) |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.54 (4.58–6.69) | 5.36 (4.46–6.21) | 0.29 | 5.43 (5.5–6.6) |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.32 ± 0.31 | 9.33 ± 0.38 | 0.56 | 9.32 ± 0.34 |
| Phosphate (mg/dL) | 3.54 ± 0.53 | 3.55 ± 0.67 | 0.71 | 3.54 ± 0.71 |
| NLR (/mL) | 2.3 (1.69–3.24) | 1.78 (2.32–3.61) | 0.28 | 2.31 (1.74–3.33) |
| MLR (/mL) | 0.33 (0.26–0.49) | 0.32 (0.24–0.44) | 0.06 | 0.33 (0.24–0.46) |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 3.2 (1.92–6.23) | 3.3 (2–6.7) | 0.74 | 3.2 (2–6.6) |
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 1.99 (1.35–2.55) | 2.09 (1.52–2.99) | 0.12 | 2.06 (1.43–2.77) |
| IL6 (pg/mL) | 6.12 (3.49–10.35) | 6.36 (3.3–12.14) | 0.52 | 6.3 (3.3–10.76) |
| Klotho (pg/mL) | 480.8 (332.2–651) | 421.9 (252–651.4) | 0.04 | 466.3 (290.5–651.4) |
| iFGF23 (pg/mL) | 583.3 (471.7–790.1) | 570.7 (427.3–706.1) | 0.11 | 577 (443.1–766.1) |
| Medication | ||||
| Statin (%) | 104 (52) | 84 (63.2) | 0.04 | 188 (56.5) |
| ACEI/ARB (%) | 80 (40) | 61 (45.9) | 0.29 | 141 (42.3) |
T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; TyG, triglyceride glucose index; FG, fasting glucose; Hb1ac, glycated hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtrate rate; ACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL, interleukin; NLR, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio; MLR, monocyte lymphocyte ratio; iFGF23, intact fibroblast growth factor 23; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor antagonist.