| ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
| ALM | appendicular lean mass |
| ALP | alkaline phosphatase |
| AMI | appendicular mass index |
| AWGS | Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CI | confidence interval |
| DPP4 | Dipeptidyl peptidase |
| EWGSOP | European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People |
| FNIH | Foundation for the National Institutes of Health biomarkers consortium |
| FPG | fasting plasma glucose |
| GFR | glomerular filtration rate |
| GS | gait speed |
| HbA1C | hemoglobin A1C |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| HGS | handgrip strength |
| HOMA-IR | homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance |
| HTN | hypertension |
| IWGS | International Working Group on Sarcopenia |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| OR | odds ratio |
| PPG | postprandial plasma glucose |
| PTH | parathyroid hormone |
| SGLT | Sodium-glucose co-transporters |
| SWAG SARCO | South Asian Working Action Group on SARCOpenia |
| T2DM | type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone |
| Urine ACR | urine albumin creatinine ratio |
| VLDL | very low-density lipoprotein |