. 2023 Aug 23;24(17):13123. doi: 10.3390/ijms241713123

Table 6.

Effects of PCOS on mitochondrial function in the peripheral blood and plasma of humans diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria.

Mitochondrial Function	Effect of PCOS on Mitochondrial Function	Method	Therapeutic Intervention	References
Biogenesis	Reduced “GG”(WT) frequency of PGC-1α rs8192678 polymorphism	PCR, RFLP Analysis		[90]
Biogenesis	No difference in TFAM genotype or allele frequency	PCR, RFLP Analysis		[90]
Mitochondrial Genome	Lower mtDNA copy number	qPCR		[92,93,94]
	Higher mtDNA copy number	qPCR		[91]
	Negative association between mtDNA copy number and fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, waist circumference, and triglycerides	Pearson correlation coefficient		[94]
	Positive association between mtDNA copy number and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)	Pearson correlation coefficient		[94]
	No correlation between mtDNA copy number and anthropometric measure or 8-OHdG	qPCR, 8OH-dG ELISA kit	Metformin decreased mtDNA copy number at 6 and 12 months of treatment	[95]
	Higher mtDNA⁴⁹⁷⁷ deletion rate	qPCR		[91]
	Higher frequency of a 9 bp deletion	qPCR		[49,96,97,98,99]
	ND5 gene polymorphisms: T12811C, T12338C	qPCR		[97,100,101]
	A6 gene polymorphisms: G8584A, C8684T	qPCR		[97,98,100]
	Unique tRNA variants and higher frequency of variants for Cys and Leu tRNAs	qPCR		[92,97,100]
	Greater frequency of D-loop SNPs C150T, T146C, A189G, and D310	PCR, Mitomap, and mtDB mitochondria databases		[49,93]
	Carriers of AA genotype of PGC1a polymorphism rs8192678 and D-loop SNPs A189G and D310 had lower mtDNA	PCR, Mitomap, and mtDB mitochondria databases		[90,93]
Ultrastructure	No Reports
Metabolism	No Reports
Dynamics	No Reports
ROS and Repair	Decreased PRX3 2–3 h post-OGTT	ELISA		[103]
ROS and Repair	Positive correlation between PRX3 at 2 h post-OGTT and insulin at 1 h post-OGTT	Spearman correlation analysis		[103]

PGC1 $α$ : peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; TFAM: mitochondrial transcription factor A; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; PRX3: peroxiredoxin 3; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; RFLP: restriction fragment length polymorphism.