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. 2023 Sep 3;16(17):6056. doi: 10.3390/ma16176056
R1,h,L Small radius, thickness, and length of the conical shell
α,θ0 Semi-vertex and subtended angles of the conical shell
ϖ Neutral surface of the conical shell
p,kw,ks Unit area force, Winkler, and shearing layer stiffness of the foundation
Vm,VGPL Volume fractions of the matrix and GPL
gGPL,VGPL* Mass fraction and total volume fraction of GPL
Ec,Em,EGPL Elastic moduli of GPLRC, matrix, and GPL
lGPL,tGPL,wGPL Length, thickness, and width of GPL
νc,νm,νGPL Poisson’s ratios of GPLRC, matrix, and GPL
ρc,ρm,ρGPL Densities of GPLRC, matrix, and GPL
u,v,w Components of displacement of the shell
u0,v0,w0 Translation components at the neutral surface of the shell
βx,βy Rotational components at the neutral surface of the shell
εxx,εθθ,εxθ In-plane strain components
γθz,γxz Transverse shear strains
σxx,σθθ,σxθ In-plane stress components
τθz,τxz Transverse shear stresses
C,R Physical and computational NEM grids
ωI,dI Nonlinear natural frequencies and natural modes
κ(=5/6) Shear correction factor
ϑ(ϑ>0) Shear stabilization parameter
Wmax* Non-dimensional peak deflection
Kw,Ks Calibrated Winkler and shearing layer stiffness of the foundation
ΩL,ΩNL Non-dimensional linear and nonlinear fundamental frequencies