Table 5.
Baseline characteristics and primary outcomes of patients, grouped by intervention and nutritional risk.
| Four Groups Category | A | B | C | D | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention with High Risk (n = 49) |
Intervention with Low Risk (n = 20) |
p † | Non-Intervention with High Risk (n = 44) |
Non-Intervention with Low Risk (n = 19) |
p † | p * | |
| Demographic characteristics, mean (SD) or median (IQR) | |||||||
| Age (years) | 76.1 (10.8) | 64.0 (10.5) | 0.000 | 71.9 (11.8) | 63.0 (9.7) | 0.023 | 0.000 |
| Gender(female), n (%) | 22 (44.9) | 7 (35.0) | 0.453 | 21 (47.7) | 7 (38.9) | 0.529 | 0.779 |
| Body weight (kg) | 58.1 (13.2) | 65.2 (16.4) | 0.406 | 62.6 (16.0) | 57.1 (12.1) | 1.000 | 0.150 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 (4.8) | 24.4 (6.2) | 1.000 | 24.1 (6.4) | 21.4 (4.2) | 0.451 | 0.236 |
| APACHE II | 24.6 (5.2) | 15.8 (5.5) | 0.000 | 24.8 (6.3) | 13.8 (3.6) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| PSI score | 144.7 (42.9) | 109.3 (25.0) | 0.000 | 144.8 (47.1) | 107.2 (38.5) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
| CURB-65 score | 2.0 (1.0) | 1.0 (2.0) | 0.000 | 2.0 (2.0) | 1.0 (1.0) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 6.0 (3.0) | 4.0 (3.0) | 0.001 | 6.0 (4.0) | 4.0 (3.0) | 0.030 | 0.002 |
| mNUTRIC score | 6.0 (2.0) | 3.5 (1.0) | 0.000 | 6.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Site of suspected infection, n (%) | |||||||
| Lung | 43 (87.8) | 13 (65.0) | 0.029 | 39 (88.6) | 14 (73.7) | 0.139 | 0.062 |
| Intra-abdomen | 3 (6.1) | 1 (5.0) | 0.857 | 2 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.349 | 0.756 |
| UTI | 38 (77.6) | 15 (75.0) | 0.821 | 29 (65.9) | 11 (59.7) | 0.547 | 0.357 |
| Bacteremia | 26 (53.1) | 14 (70.0) | 0.199 | 22 (50.0) | 9 (47.4) | 0.849 | 0.445 |
| Others | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.0) | 0.118 | 2 (4.5) | 2 (10.5) | 0.375 | 0.220 |
| Length of stay, median (IQR) | |||||||
| ICU Days | 10.7 (8.2) | 7.3 (10.7) | 0.224 | 9.0 (8.4) | 6.6 (4.7) | 0.065 | 0.054 |
| Hospital days | 29.4 (34.3) | 28.4 (33.9) | 0.526 | 30.8 (31.2) | 18.2 (14.5) | 0.245 | 0.437 |
| Total MV days | 14.0 (23.2) | 9.3 (31.8) | 0.098 | 10.8 (25.6) | 7.6 (14.9) | 0.178 | 0.036 |
| mortality, n (%) | |||||||
| ICU Mortality, | 6 (12.2) | 2 (10.0) | 0.793 | 5 (11.4) | 2 (11.1) | 0.977 | 0.995 |
| Hospital Mortality | 10 (20.4) | 4 (20.0) | 0.970 | 10 (22.7) | 3 (16.7) | 0.598 | 0.961 |
| 7-day Mortality | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.523 | 3 (6.8) | 1 (5.6) | 0.855 | 0.489 |
| 28-day Mortality | 5 (10.2) | 2 (10.0) | 0.980 | 6 (13.6) | 3 (16.7) | 0.760 | 0.876 |
† Comparison analyses between two groups by Mann–Whitney U tests or chi-squared tests for categorical variables. p *: Comparison analyses among three groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with Kruskal–Wallis as a non-parametric alternative to ANOVA for non-normally distributed continuous variables or chi-square tests for categorical variables. Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; PSI, pneumonia severity index, CURB-65: Confusion, blood urea > 42.8 mg/dL, respiratory rate > 30/min, blood pressure < 90/60 mmHg, age > 65; mNUTRIC, modified nutrition risk in critically ill.