Table 3.
Microbial biosorption by different microbes.
| Species name | Initial Cd Concentration | Experimental Medium | Cd Remediation Efficiency | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial species | ||||
| Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis | 150 mg L−1 | Soil | 16.7 | [162] |
| Pseudomonas sp. DDT-1 | 0.9 mg kg−1 | Soil | 40.3 | [163] |
| Kocuria rhizophila | 150 mg L−1 | Aqueous | 9.07 mg g−1 | [164] |
| Klebsiella michiganensis | 1000 µg ml−1 | Soil | 97% | [165] |
| Enterobacter sp | 3500 µg ml−1 | Soil | 95% | [166] |
| Rhodobacter sphaeroides | 65.33 mg kg−1 | Soil | 30.7 | [167] |
| Bacillus aryabhattai and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens | 250 mg L−1 | Soil | 96% | [168] |
| Aspergillus sydowii | 50 mg kg−1 | Soil | 10.44% | [169] |
| Cupriavidus sp. | 13.82 mg kg−1 | Soil | 58.2% | [170] |
| Paenibacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. | 20 mg L−1 | Soil | 128.50% | [171] |
| Bacillus sp. TZ5 | 150 mg L−1 | Soil | 48.49% | [172] |
| Acidithiobacillus caldus DX, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans DX, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans ZJ, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans AO1, Ferroplasma acidiphilum DX, Acidithiobacillus caldus S1 and Leptospirillum ferriphilum DX | 9.09 mg kg−1 | Soil | 32.09% | [173] |
|
Cupriavidus sp. (KU168590), Ensifer sp. (KU168586), Burkholderia sp. (KU168588), and Paenibacillus sp. (KU168587) |
0.21 mg kg−1 | Soil | 33.0% | [174] |
|
Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella Edwardsii |
50 mg L−1 | Soil | 58.80% | [175] |
| Bacillus subtilis | 147.75 mg kg−1 | Soil | 35.17% | [176] |
| Burkholderia sp. and Bacillus sp. | 5 mM | Soil | 84.17% | [177] |
| Bacillus sp. | 49 mg kg−1 | Soil | 43.53% | [178] |
| Bacillus subtilis | 147.75 mg kg−1 | Soil | 18.56% | [179] |
| Firmicutes sp. and Proteobacteria sp. | 14.9 mg kg−1 | Soil | 40.0 | [180] |
| Enterobacter hormaechei SFC3 | 100 µg ml−1 | Soil | 90.21% | [181] |
| Streptomyces pactum Act12 and Streptomyces Roche D74 | 1.62 mg kg−1 | Soil | 56.39% | [182] |
| Bacillus velezensis | - | Soil | 1.65 μg g−1 | [183] |
| Fungi | ||||
| Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium rubens | 0.6 mg L−1 | Soil | 79% | [184] |
| Simplicillium chinense | 400 mg L−1 | Soil | 88% | [185] |
| Aspergillus flflavus, Aspergillus gracilis, Aspergillus penicillioides, Aspergillus restrictus, and Sterigmatomyces halophilus | 1000 mg L−1 | Soil | 95% | [186] |
| Phanerochaete chrysosporium | 25 mg L−1 | Soil | 96% | [187] |
| Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus platypus, and Calocybe indica | - | - | 98.97 | [188] |
| Lactarius piperatus and Agaricus bisporus | 265 mg L−1 | Aqueous | 95% | [189] |
| Rhizophagus intraradices | - | Soil | 38% | [190] |
| Trichoderma harzianum | 147.75 mg kg−1 | Soil | 47.69% | [176] |
| Algae/cyanobacteria | ||||
| Asparagopsis armata | 150 mg L−1 | Aqueous | 10.6% | [191] |
| Chaetoceros calcitrans and Tetracelmis chuii | - | Aqueous | - | [192] |
| Ulva lactuca | 80 mg L−1 | Aqueous | 41.0% | [193] |
| Chara aculeolate | - | Aqueous | 23 mg g−1 | [194] |
| Chlorella pyrenoidosa | 1.5 mg L−1 | Aqueous | 45.45 | [195] |
| Scenedesmus acutus | 1.5 mg L−1 | Aqueous | 57.14 | [195] |