Table 1.
Characteristics of randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of vitamin E supplementation on outcome related to NAFLD/NASH.
| Author, Year (Clinical Trial Registration Number) |
Country | Population | Number of Study Participants (Number in Each Group, I: Intervention, C: Control) | Intervention | Daily Dosage † | Study Duration (Weeks) | Comparison |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adamo, 2013 [26] | Italy | Children | 42 (I:21, C:21) |
vitamin E (D-α-tocopherol) + lifestyle interventions 1 | 600 mg | 24 | lifestyle interventions 1 |
| Anushiravani, 2019 [29] IRCT201705016312N4 (http://www.irct.ir/) (accessed on 23 April 2023) |
Iran | Adults | 150 (I:30, C:30) | vitamin E + lifestyle interventions 2 | 400 IU | 12 | placebo + lifestyle interventions 2 |
| Basu, 2014 [27] | USA | Adults | 155 (I:40, C:35) | vitamin E | 700 IU | 24 | placebo |
| Bril, 2019 [28] NCT01002547 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/) (accessed on 25 April 2023) |
USA | Adults | 105 (I:36, C:32) | vitamin E + lifestyle interventions 2 | 400 IU | 72 | placebo + lifestyle interventions 2 |
| Dufour, 2006 [18] | Switzerland | Adults | 48 (I:15, C:18) | vitamin E + UDCA * | 800 IU | 96 | placebo + UDCA |
| Ekhlasi, 2016 [30] IRCT201111082709N22 (http://www.irct.ir/) (accessed on 23 April 2023) |
Iran | Adults | 60 (I:15, C:15) | vitamin E (α-tocopherol) | 400 IU | 8 | placebo |
| Ghergherehchi, 2013 [31] | Iran | Children 4–15 yo | 33 (I:17, C:16) | vitamin E + lifestyle interventions 3 | 400 IU | 24 | placebo+ lifestyle interventions 3 |
| Lavine, 2011 [19] NCT00063635 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/) (accessed on 25 April 2023) |
USA | Children 8–17 yo | 173 (I:50, C:49) | vitamin E (α-tocopherol) + lifestyle interventions | 800 IU | 96 | placebo + lifestyle interventions 4 |
| Magosso, 2013 [32] NCT00753532 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/) (accessed on 25 April 2023) |
Malaysia | Adults | 87 (I:30, C:34) | vitamin E (mixed tocotrienols) | 400 mg | 48 | placebo |
| Pervez, 2020 [33] SLCTR/2015/023 (https://slctr.lk/ SLCTR/2015/023) (accessed on 23 April 2023) |
Pakistan | Adults | 71 (I:35, C:36) | vitamin E (δ-tocotrienol) + lifestyle interventions 5 | 600 mg | 24 | placebo + lifestyle interventions 5 |
| Sanyal, 2010 [16] NCT00063622 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/) (accessed on 25 April 2023) |
USA | Adults | 247 (I:78, C:74) | vitamin E + lifestyle interventions 6 | 800 IU | 96 | placebo + lifestyle interventions 6 |
| Wang, 2008 [34] | China | Children aged 10–17 yo | 76 (I:19, C:38) | vitamin E | 100 mg | 4 | no intervention |
† 1IU of vitamin E is equivalent to 0.67 mg of alpha tocopherol, * UDCA: ursodeoxyholic acid, 1 nutritional and exercise recommendations, 2 500 kcal/day deficit from weight-maintaining caloric intake, 3 low-calorie diet from 1300 to 1800 Kcal based on the individual requirements and increased physical activity, including aerobic exercise and walking for 2 h every day, 4 patients and parents were provided standard-of-care advice on diet and exercise at each visit by physicians and dieticians, 5 advice for a low-fat diet and regular physical activity, 6 a standardized set of pragmatic recommendations about lifestyle changes and diet.