Table 2.
Multivariate analysis for postpartum depression by adjustment for several confounding factors.
| Characteristics | Postpartum Depression (No vs. Yes) |
|
|---|---|---|
| RR * (95% CI **) | p-Value | |
| Age (Below vs. Over mean value) | 1.32 (0.62–2.1) | p = 0.0819 |
| Education level (Primary education vs. Secondary education and university studies) | 1.38 (1.02–1.73) | p = 0.0244 |
| Family economic status (High vs. Low or medium) | 1.19 (0.59–1.88) | p = 0.0936 |
| Nationality (Greek vs. Other) | 1.06 (0.39–1.88) | p = 0.3134 |
| Marital status (Married vs. Other) | 0.93 (0.21–1.74) | p = 0.7501 |
| Employment (Employed vs. Unemployed) | 1.05 (0.27–1.83) | p = 0.5812 |
| Smoking habits (No vs. Yes) | 1.16 (0.45–1.98) | p = 0.7129 |
| Parity (Nulliparity vs. Multiparity) | 1.38 (0.67–2.12) | p = 0.2733 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI status (Normal weight vs. Overweight & obese) | 1.11 (0.27–2.01) | p = 0.8159 |
| Postpartum BMI status (Normal weight vs. Overweight & obese) | 1.95 (1.58–2.23) | p = 0.0198 |
| Gestational weight gain (Low and normal vs. Excess) | 1.44 (1.11–1.79) | p = 0.0107 |
| Preterm birth (No vs. Yes) | 1.06 (0.45–1.89) | p = 0.7897 |
| Type of delivery (Vaginal/Caesarean section) | 1.93 (1.62–2.1.27) | p = 0.0087 |
| Exclusive breastfeeding (Yes/No) | 2.44 (2.25–2.514) | p = 0.0031 |
| Mediterranean Diet adherence (Moderate + High/Very low + Low) | 2.51 (2.33–2.68) | p = 0.0005 |
* Relative Risk: RR. ** CI: Confidence Interval.