Table 14.

Potential solutions to ensure data consent in Healthcare 4.0.

Issue	Potential Solution
Digital consent forms	Implementing digital consent forms that patients can read and sign electronically is a vital solution. These forms should clearly explain the purpose, risks, and benefits of the proposed treatment or procedure, allowing patients to make informed decisions. The system can then store and record these consents securely.
Two-factor authentication	Using two-factor authentication methods, such as biometrics or unique codes sent to the patient’s mobile device, to verify the identity of the patient before consenting to any procedure ensures that only authorized individuals can provide consent.
Consent management systems (CMS)	Implementing CMS allows healthcare providers to track and manage patient consent throughout the care continuum. CMS automate consent processes, track consent status, and ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.
Audit trails	Maintaining robust audit trails that record all consent-related activities, including when consent was obtained, who obtained it, and any subsequent updates or withdrawals of consent, helps establish a transparent record of patient consent.
Education and communication	Ensuring patients are educated about their rights and the importance of informed consent is critical. Healthcare 4.0 systems can incorporate patient portals, interactive interfaces, and educational materials to facilitate patient understanding and engagement.