Table 2. Microglial ultrastructural features in CD versus KD fed mice exposed to RSD.
CD: control diet; KD: ketogenic diet; RSD: repeated social defeat.
| Ultrastructural analysis | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean ± standard error of the mean | F | P | |||||||||
| Control | Susceptible | Resistant | |||||||||
| CD | KD | CD | KD | CD | KD | ||||||
| Contacts with other cells | Blood vessels | 0.264 ± 0.077 | 0.171 ± 0.065 | 0.182 ± 0.068 | 0.222 ± 0.070 | 0.079 ± 0.044 | 0.243 ± 0.072 | F(2, 206) | Stress x diet | 1.992 | 0.139 |
| F(2, 206) | Stress | 0.3478 | 0.7066 | ||||||||
| F(1, 206) | Diet | 0.5246 | 0.4697 | ||||||||
| Astrocytes | 0.088 ± 0.049 | 0.057 ± 0.040 | 0.091 ± 0.051 | 0.194 ± 0.067 | 0 | 0.194 ± 0.067 | F(2, 206) | Stress x diet | 1.393 | 0.2506 | |
| F(2, 206) | Stress | 1.864 | 0.1576 | ||||||||
| F(1, 206) | Diet | 2.466 | 0.1179 | ||||||||
| Neurons | 0.177 ± 0.099 | 0.086 ± 0.048 | 0.121 ± 0.072 | 0.028 ± 0.028 | 0.121 ± 0.072 | 0.108 ± 0.052 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.4356 | 0.6475 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 0.4217 | 0.6565 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 1.41 | 0.2364 | ||||||||
| Mitochondria | |||||||||||
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 5.003 | 0.007** | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.003 | 0.95 | ||||||||
| Long | 0.205 ± 0.082 | 0.114 ± 0.068 | 0.091 ± 0.667 | 0 | 0.263 ± 0.134 | 0.054 ± 0.054 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.3563 | 0.7007 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 1.327 | 0.2675 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 3.913 | 0.0493* | ||||||||
| Total healthy | 3.206 ± 0.446 | 2.686 ± 0.399 | 1.515 ± 0.292 | 1.972 ± 0.254 | 2.684 ± 0.392 | 2.297 ± 0.359 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 1.025 | 0.3606 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 5.391 | 0.0052** | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.243 | 0.6226 | ||||||||
| Dystrophic | 0.677 ± 0.201 | 0.6 ± 0.170 | 0.485 ± 0.139 | 0.417 ± 0.122 | 0.29 ± 0.130 | 0.351 ± 0.111 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.162 | 0.8506 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 2.285 | 0.1044 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.0406 | 0.8405 | ||||||||
| White | 0.823 ± 0.251 | 0.8 ± 0.158 | 0.485 ± 0.180 | 0.389 ± 0.115 | 0.29 ± 0.092 | 0.838 ± 0.184 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 2.097 | 0.1254 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 2.754 | 0.066 | ||||||||
| F (1, 207) | Diet | 1.222 | 0.2703 | ||||||||
| Long and dystrophic | 0.088 ± 0.049 | 0.057 ± 0.040 | 0.061 ± 0.061 | 0 | 0.053 ± 0.037 | 0 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.0799 | 0.9233 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 0.9164 | 0.4016 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 2.426 | 0.1209 | ||||||||
| Holy | 0.294 ± 0.115 | 0.114 ± 0.054 | 0.09 ± 0.050 | 0 | 0.105 ± 0.062 | 0.27 ± 0.107 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 2.503 | 0.0843 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 2.478 | 0.0864 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.4614 | 0.4977 | ||||||||
| Total dystrophic | 2 ± 0.347 | 1.571 ± 0.276 | 1.545 ± 0.237 | 0.944 ± 0.173 | 0.842 ± 0.215 | 1.514 ± 0.281 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 2.464 | 0.0876 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 2.012 | 0.1363 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.1194 | 0.73 | ||||||||
| % of dystrophic mitochondria | 30.55 ± 5.288 | 38.04 ± 6.159 | 37.27 ± 6.783 | 27.54 ± 4.797 | 19.94 ± 5.166 | 31.7 ± 5.146 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 1.998 | 0.1383 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 1.384 | 0.2529 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.4339 | 0.5108 | ||||||||
| sy na | |||||||||||
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 7.542 | 0.0007*** | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 1.535 | 0.2168 | ||||||||
| Dendritic spine contacts | 0.588 ± 0.159 | 0.371 ± 0.101 | 0.061 ± 0.042 | 0.222 ± 0.106 | 0.526 ± 0.118 | 0.297 ± 0.109 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 1.891 | 0.1535 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 5.036 | 0.0073** | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 1.006 | 0.317 | ||||||||
| Synaptic cleft contacts | 0.912 ± 0.186 | 1.286 ± 0.227 | 0.667 ± 0.178 | 0.417 ± 0.134 | 0.684 ± 0.161 | 0.946 ± 0.155 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 1.711 | 0.1833 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 4.951 | 0.0079** | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.6898 | 0.4072 | ||||||||
| Total synaptic contacts | 8.853 ± 1.145 | 9.886 ± 0.803 | 5.455 ± 0.702 | 6 ± 0.781 | 7.026 ± 0.631 | 7.622 ± 0.761 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.049 | 0.9521 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 9.745 | <0.0001**** | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 1.228 | 0.2691 | ||||||||
| Other organelles | |||||||||||
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 0.4844 | 0.6168 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.1918 | 0.6619 | ||||||||
| Secondary lysosomes | 0.118 ± 0.056 | 0.114 ± 0.068 | 0 | 0.028 ± 0.028 | 0 | 0.108 ± 0.085 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.6626 | 0.5166 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 0.91 | 0.1508 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 1.135 | 0.2881 | ||||||||
| Tertiary lysosomes | 0.294± 0.099 | 0 | 0.091± 0.051 | 0.111± 0.053 | 0.079 ± 0.044 | 0.054 ± 0.038 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 4.715 | 0.0100** | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 1.069 | 0.3451 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 4.866 | 0.0285* | ||||||||
| Total lysosomes | 0.529 ± 0.159 | 0.457 ± 0.166 | 0.303 ± 0.119 | 0.278 ± 0.094 | 0.237 ± 0.116 | 0.297 ± 0.109 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.0983 | 0.9064 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 1.943 | 0.1459 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.0319 | 0.8584 | ||||||||
| Phagosomes with content | 0.265 ± 0.114 | 0.343 ± 0.100 | 0.121 ± 0.072 | 0.5 ± 0.180 | 0.447 ± 0.167 | 0.378 ± 0.098 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 1.627 | 0.1991 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 0.3757 | 0.6873 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 1.334 | 0.2495 | ||||||||
| Phagosomes with myelin | 0.324 ± 0.173 | 0.286 ± 0.145 | 0.061 ± 0.042 | 0.167 ± 0.075 | 0.079 ± 0.044 | 0.027 ± 0.027 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.3845 | 0.6813 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 3.51 | 0.0317* | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.0049 | 0.9439 | ||||||||
| Empty phagosomes | 1.265 ± 0.305 | 0.486 ± 0.126 | 1.273 ± 0.299 | 0.75 ± 0.230 | 1 ± 0.226 | 0.487 ± 0.184 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.1741 | 0.8403 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 0.7707 | 0.464 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 10.45 | 0.0014** | ||||||||
| Total phagosomes | 1.853 ± 0.489 | 1.114 ± 0.245 | 1.455 ± 0.296 | 1.417 ± 0.366 | 1.526 ± 0.326 | 0.833 ± 0.247 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.6657 | 0.515 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 0.4791 | 0.62 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 3.16 | 0.0769 | ||||||||
| Lipofuscin granules | 0.471 ± 0.121 | 0.171 ± 0.087 | 0.121 ± 0.058 | 0.306 ± 0.118 | 0.395 ± 0.153 | 0.351 ± 0.111 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 2.237 | 0.1094 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 0.8058 | 0.4481 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.5399 | 0.4633 | ||||||||
| Lipid droplets | 0.765 ± 0.164 | 0.629 ± 0.229 | 0.727 ± 0.236 | 0.361 ± 0.183 | 0.447 ± 0.222 | 0.297 ± 0.109 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.222 | 0.8011 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 1.358 | 0.2595 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 1.806 | 0.1805 | ||||||||
| Standard Golgi apparatus | 0.265 ± 0.097 | 0.514 ± 0.155 | 0.091 ± 0.067 | 0.417 ± 0.175 | 0.263 ± 0.082 | 0.297 ± 0.128 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.8598 | 0.4248 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 0.6911 | 0.5022 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 3.715 | 0.0553 | ||||||||
| Dystrophic Golgi apparatus | 0.353 ± 0.102 | 0.286 ± 0.112 | 0.697 ± 2282 | 0.278 ± 0.116 | 0.342 ± 0.120 | 0.139 ± 0.070 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.8884 | 0.4129 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 1.839 | 0.1616 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 4.571 | 0.0337* | ||||||||
| Proportion dystrophic Golgi apparatus | 22.550 x ± 0.070 | 11.86 ± 5.005 | 30.3 ± 7.861 | 15.05 ± 5.768 | 22.37 ± 6.450 | 8.333 ± 4.033 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.0927 | 0.9115 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 0.899 | 0.4086 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 7.724 | 0.0060** | ||||||||
| Nuclear pores | 0.76 ± 0.270 | 1.2 ± 0.306 | 1.485 ± 0.547 | 1.667 ± 0.384 | 1.132 ± 0.267 | 0.865 ± 0.187 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.4772 | 0.6212 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 1.862 | 0.158 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.1713 | 0.6794 | ||||||||
| Nuclear indentations | 0.177 ± 0.066 | 0.2 ± 0.090 | 0.03 ± 0.030 | 0.167 ± 0.075 | 0.079 ± 0.044 | 0.054 ± 0.038 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.9027 | 0.4071 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 2.111 | 0.1237 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.8304 | 0.3632 | ||||||||
| Nuclear alterations | 0.2941 ± 0.0992 | 0.3429 ± 0.0999 | 0.2424 ± 0.1308 | 0.2222 ± 0.0807 | 0.1316 ± 0.0555 | 0.1389 ± 0.0707 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.0714 | 0.9311 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 2.068 | 0.1291 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.0259 | 0.8721 | ||||||||
| Total nuclear alterations | 0.677 ± 0.304 | 0.543 ± 0.150 | 0.273 ± 0.140 | 0.389 ± 0.134 | 0.211 ± 0.077 | 0.189 ± 0.094 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.1523 | 0.8589 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 3.102 | 0.0471* | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.3263 | 0.5685 | ||||||||
| Standard endoplasmic reticulum | 7.088 ± 0.875 | 6.029 ± 0.885 | 3.303 ± 0.466 | 5.139 ± 0.930 | 6.158 ± 0.931 | 4.838 ± 0.745 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 2.161 | 0.1178 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 3.84 | 0.0230* | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.0647 | 0.7994 | ||||||||
| Dilated endoplasmic reticulum | 1.559 ± 0.401 | 0.486 ± 0.144 | 0.901 ± 0.315 | 0.389 ± 0.115 | 0.711 ± 0.346 | 0.541 ± 0.158 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 1.483 | 0.2293 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 1.325 | 0.2681 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 7.02 | 0.0087** | ||||||||
| Endoplasmic reticulum with content | 0.353 ± 0.242 | 0.114 ± 0.055 | 0.091 ± 0.051 | 0 | 0 | 0.081 ± 0.060 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 1.246 | 0.2897 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 2.256 | 0.1073 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 0.9559 | 0.3294 | ||||||||
| Total dystrophic endoplasmic reticulum | 1.912 ± 0.558 | 0.6 ± 0.165 | 1 ± 0.323 | 0.389 ± 0.115 | 0.711 ± 0.346 | 1.135 ± 0.575 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 1.991 | 0.1391 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 2.202 | 0.1132 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 6.766 | 0.0100** | ||||||||
| Proportion dystrophic endoplasmic reticulum | 15.72 ± 3.743 | 10.23 ± 3.369 | 16.88 ± 4.066 | 10.68 ± 4.066 | 7.983 ± 3.386 | 9.152 ± 3.034 | F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.6525 | 0.5218 | |
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 1.1 | 0.3348 | ||||||||
| F (1, 206) | Diet | 1.264 | 0.2622 | ||||||||
| F (2, 206) | Stress x diet | 0.156 | 0.8556 | ||||||||
| F (2, 206) | Stress | 1.93 | 0.1477 | ||||||||