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. 2023 Sep 8;9(36):eadh2301. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2301

Fig. 5. Sleep rhythms facilitate long-term memory.

Fig. 5.

(A) Short-term aversive memory performance in second-instar (L2) and third-instar (L3) expressing Dh44-Gal4 > CCHa1-R-RNAi and genetic controls. (B) Arousal threshold in L2 controls (yellow shaded), L3 controls, and L3 tim0 and clkJRK mutants (blue shaded) at circadian time 1 (CT1) and CT13. (C) Long-term aversive memory performance in L2 and L3 controls and L3 tim0 and clkJRK mutants. (D) Long-term aversive memory performance in L2 and L3 genetic controls (Dh44-Gal4 > mCherry RNAi); L3 CCHa1-R-RNAi/+; L2 and L3 expressing Dh44-Gal4 > CCHa1-R-RNAi; and in sleep-deprived (SD) L3 genetic controls (Dh44-Gal4 > mCherry RNAi). (E) Arousal threshold in L3 genetic controls and L3 expressing Dh44-Gal4 > CCHa1-R-RNAi at CT1 and CT13. (F) Arousal threshold in L3 genetic controls and L3 expressing Dh44-Gal4 > UAS-TrpA1 at CT1 and CT13 at 28°C. (G) Long-term aversive memory performance in L3 expressing Dh44-Gal4 > UAS-TrpA1 and genetic controls at 28°C. (A, C, D, and G) n = 8 performance indices (PIs) (240 larvae) per genotype; (B and E) n = 200 to 430 sleep episodes, 36 larvae per genotype; (F) n = 120 to 200 sleep episodes, 18 larvae per genotype. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests (A, C, F, and G); one-way ANOVAs followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons tests (B and D); two-way ANOVAs followed by Sidak’s multiple comparison tests (E). n.s., not significant.