Table 2.

LSmean (SE) CES-DC, STAIC, CBCL scores stratified by GDM Exposure

Mental Health Outcome	Unexposed Mean (SE)	GDM-exposed Mean (SE)	p-value
Model 1: Adjusted for child age, sex, socioeconomic status and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI.
Depressive symptoms	2.29 (0.19)	2.75 (0.16)	0.07
Anxiety symptoms	4.23 (0.20)	4.79 (0.16)	0.03
Internalizing symptoms	1.45 (0.20)	1.99 (0.16)	0.04
Externalizing symptoms	1.43 (0.21)	1.33 (0.17)	0.69
Model 2: Further adjusted for maternal race and ethnicity
Depressive symptoms	2.39 (0.20)	2.69 (0.16)	0.23
Anxiety symptoms	4.29 (0.21)	4.75 (0.17)	0.09
Internalizing symptoms	1.52 (0.21)	1.91 (0.17)	0.11
Externalizing symptoms	1.45 (0.22)	1.32 (0.17)	0.63

Abbreviations: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, CES-DC. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, STAIC. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Least-Square Mean (LSMean) transformed by respective standard deviations.